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	<title>Technik &#8211; PLJ</title>
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	<title>Technik &#8211; PLJ</title>
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		<title>Kolbentank 2.0</title>
		<link>https://pressluftjunkies.de/kolbentank-2-0/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Sascha]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 17 Dec 2024 13:45:14 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Technik]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://pressluftjunkies.de/?p=17985</guid>

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			<p>Einige der Pressluftboote sind inzwischen schon fast <strong>20 Jahre</strong> im Einsatz gewesen.<span id="more-17985"></span> Neben Verschleißteilen wie Lager und Dichtungen, haben sich in der Zwischenzeit die Alurohre der Trimmtanks als Schwachpunkt herauskristallisiert. Ein Problem ist angesaugter Sand, der im laufe der Zeit Riefen in den Rohren hinterlässt und so irgendwann zu Leckagen führt. Dieses Problem kann durch hohe Ansaugpunkte und einen Kolben mit 2 O-Ringen relativ gut abgemildert werden. Allerdings kann man nicht zu 100% ausschließen dass doch ab und an Sandkörner angesaugt werden. Weiterer Schwachpunkt ist die Korrosion durch Restfeuchte im Tank.</p>
<p>Verstärkt wird dieser Effekt noch durch chlorhaltiges Wasser aus Schwimmbädern. Hier hilft nur die Spülung mit ungechlortem Wasser nach dem Fahren. Bei meiner Tijgerhaai ist das Problem inzwischen ebenfalls gravierend gewesen und die Aluoberfläche in den Tanks wies mittlerweile regelrechte Krater durch die Korrosion auf.</p>
<p>Hier hilft nur ein Komplettaustausch der Rohre und der Dichtringe. Für 75er Tanks gibt es bei <a href="https://engel-modellbau.eu/shop/U-Boot-Technik/Ersatzteile/Kolbentank-Zylinder-500-ml.html">Engel Modellbau</a> eine sehr gute Alternative.</p>
<p>Engel bietet die Ersatzrohre für die eigene Produktpalette an. Diese Kunststoffrohre sind innen extrem glattwandig und passen perfekt als Ersatz für die Alurohre unserer Pressluftboote. Das Korrosionsproblem ist damit ausgeschlossen und sollte die Haltbarkeit der Trimmtanks wesentlich verlängern.</p>
<p>Die Kolben wurden teilweise ebenfalls aus Aluminium gefertigt und korrodieren ebenfalls. Als Austauschmaterial bietet sich hier 10mm PVC an. Somit sollten die Trimmtanks fit für die nächsten 20 Jahre sein.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Der Beitrag mit Grundlagen zum Eigenbau von Kolbentanks findest du hier: <a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/kolbentank-eigenbau/">Kolbentank Eigenbau</a></p>

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			<p><strong>Some of the compressed air boats have now been in use for almost 20 years.</strong> In addition to wear parts such as bearings and seals, the aluminum pipes of the trim tanks have emerged as a weak point over time. One issue is sand being sucked in, which, over time, leaves grooves in the pipes and eventually leads to leaks. This problem can be mitigated relatively well with high suction points and a piston with two O-rings. However, it cannot be 100% ruled out that sand grains will occasionally be sucked in. Another weak point is corrosion caused by residual moisture in the tank. This effect is further exacerbated by chlorinated water from swimming pools. The only remedy here is to flush the tanks with unchlorinated water after use.</p>
<p>In my <em>Tijgerhaai</em>, this problem had also become severe, and the aluminum surface in the tanks now showed proper craters due to corrosion. The only solution here is a complete replacement of the pipes and sealing rings. For 75mm tanks, <a href="https://engel-modellbau.eu/shop/en/Sub-Components/Spare-Parts/Piston-Tank-Cylinder-500-ccm.html">Engel Modellbau</a> offers a very good alternative. Engel provides replacement pipes for their product range. These plastic pipes also have an extremely smooth inner surface and fit perfectly as replacements for the aluminum pipes in our compressed air boats. This eliminates the corrosion problem and should significantly extend the durability of the trim tanks.</p>
<p>The pistons were also partially made of aluminum and are prone to corrosion as well. For replacement material, 10mm PVC is a good option. This should make the trim tanks fit for the next 20 years.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>You can find the post with basics on building piston tanks yourself here: <strong><a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/kolbentank-eigenbau/">Piston Tank DIY</a></strong></p>

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		<item>
		<title>Elektronik in Pressluftbooten</title>
		<link>https://pressluftjunkies.de/elektronik-in-pressluftbooten/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Sascha]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 06 Mar 2024 19:11:02 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Technik]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://pressluftjunkies.de/?p=17948</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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			<p>Auf Messen wurden wir immer wieder gefragt, was denn alles an pneumatischen und elektronischen Bauteilen in so einem U-Boot eingebaut ist. <span id="more-17948"></span>Speziell bei den größeren Booten ist das natürlich etwas mehr als bei einem reinen Kolbenboot. Die gezeigten elektronischen Bausteine sind als Beispiele zu verstehen die zahlreich verbaut, jahrelang getestet und weiterentwickelt wurden. Andere Hersteller können natürlich ebenso zum Einsatz kommen.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<hr />
<h4></h4>
<h3><span style="color: #ef7409;"><em>BTS/KTS</em></span></h3>
<p><img decoding="async" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-17953" src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1901-300x200.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="200" srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1901-300x200.jpg 300w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1901-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1901-768x512.jpg 768w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1901-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1901-2048x1365.jpg 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></p>
<p>Die Ballasttanksteuerung, oder auch Kolbentanksteuerung kurz BTS/KTS, ist nötig um den/die Kolbentanks anzusteuern. Dies kann auf mehrere Arten funktionieren. Zum einen als vollproportionaler Tank, das bedeutet  der Kolben wird über seinen kompletten Verfahrweg mit einem linearen Schiebeschalter gesteuert. Dazu sind Magnete auf einem der Zahnräder und ein Hallsensor nötig. Ebenfalls möglich ist, die Steuerung über einen einfachen 2- oder 3-Wegeschalter der den Tank komplett flutet oder eben entleert. Als weitere Möglichkeit ist ein einfacher Schaltweg von 80% und 20% proportional zu nennen. Die letzten 20% können dann zum Trimmen über einen Schieberegler gesteuert werden.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h3><span style="color: #ef7409;"><em>Wassermelder</em></span></h3>
<p><img decoding="async" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-17954" src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1905-300x200.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="200" srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1905-300x200.jpg 300w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1905-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1905-768x512.jpg 768w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1905-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1905-2048x1365.jpg 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></p>
<p>Der Wassermelder ist ein Relaisbaustein um eindringendes Wasser zu melden, oder bei einem Pressluftuboot das Fluten zu verhindern wenn das Schnorchelkopfventil noch geöffnet ist.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h3><span style="color: #ef7409;"><em><strong>Ein/Aus Schalter</strong></em></span></h3>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-17952" src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1894-300x200.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="200" srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1894-300x200.jpg 300w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1894-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1894-768x512.jpg 768w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1894-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1894-2048x1365.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></p>
<p>Der Ein/Aus Schalter schaltet die gesamte Bordelektrik stromlos. Alle Lastkreise sind hier angeschlossen. Als weiteren Ausgang gibt es einen 6V Abgriff um den Empfänger zu versorgen. Geschaltet wird üblicherweise über einen Reedkontakt um das Boot mit einem Magneten auch ungeöffnet ein- oder ausschalten zu können. Ebenfalls vorhanden ist ein Ladeeingang.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h3><span style="color: #ef7409;"><em><strong>Mehrkanalschalter MKS</strong></em></span></h3>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-17951" src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1889-300x200.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="200" srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1889-300x200.jpg 300w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1889-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1889-768x512.jpg 768w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1889-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1889-2048x1365.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></p>
<p>Der MKS ist sozusagen das Herzstück der U-Bootsteuerung. Er schaltet alle Funktionen die das Boot zusätzlich zur Steuerung aufweist. Angefangen beim einfachen Schalten der Positionsbeleuchtung bis hin zu den Kompressoren die über Abhängigkeitschaltung mit dem Schnorchelkopfventil und dem Wassermelder verbunden sind. Eine genaue Beschreibung gibt es im eigenen <a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/unser-mehrkanalschalter/">Beitrag des MKS.</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h3><span style="color: #ef7409;"><em><strong>Querstromruder Steuerung</strong></em></span></h3>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-17950" src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_0076-300x200.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="200" srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_0076-300x200.jpg 300w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_0076-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_0076-768x512.jpg 768w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_0076-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_0076-2048x1365.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></p>
<p>Dieser Relaisbaustein kann 4 Querstrompumpen ansteuern. Ein weiteres Relais schaltet jeweils 2 Pumpen diagonal. Damit kann wahlweise das Boot &#8222;auf dem Teller&#8220; drehen, oder nach links und rechts travesiert werden.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h3><span style="color: #ef7409;"><em><strong>Lage- Tiefenregler</strong></em></span></h3>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-17949" src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_0072-300x200.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="200" srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_0072-300x200.jpg 300w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_0072-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_0072-768x512.jpg 768w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_0072-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_0072-2048x1365.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></p>
<p>Der LTR steuert die waagerechte Lage des Bootes und wirkt auf die Tiefenruder des U-Boots. Über einen Drucksensor wird die eingestellte Tauchtiefe gehalten. Für den Einsatz in Booten mit X-Rudern ist zwingend ein X-Mischer zwischen Servos und LTS zu installieren.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h3><span style="color: #ef7409;"><em><strong>Druckschalter und Drucksensor</strong></em></span></h3>
<p>Der Druck- bzw. Unterdruckschalter meldet den Fülldruck oder Unterdruck zum Mehrkanalschalter und führt zu einer Abschaltung der Kompressoren oder bei Unterdruck zum Sperren des Flutbefehls. Inzwischen haben sich Drucksensoren durchgesetzt um die beiden Druckschalter (Unterdruck/Fülldruck) zu ersetzen.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h3><span style="color: #ef7409;"><em><strong>Mikroventile</strong></em></span></h3>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-17955" src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1907-300x200.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="200" srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1907-300x200.jpg 300w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1907-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1907-768x512.jpg 768w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1907-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1907-2048x1365.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></p>
<p>Die kleinste Baureihe der Festoventile (MZH Reihe) wird im Bereich der Ausfahrgeräte verwendet. Betriebsspannung ist hier 24V, jedes Ventil steuert ein Ausfahrgerät und den Schnorchelkopf an. Das Bild zeigt 8 Ventile auf einer Ventilinsel verbaut, die Ausgänge sind mit QS Verbindern ausgestattet. Inzwischen ist die MZH Reihe bei Festo ersetzt worden und nur noch gebraucht zu bekommen.</p>

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			<p>At trade fairs, we were repeatedly asked what pneumatic and electronic components are installed in a submarine. Especially with the larger boats, this is naturally more than in a pure piston boat. The electronic components shown are to be understood as examples that have been extensively installed, tested, and further developed over the years. Of course, other manufacturers can also be used.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h3><span style="color: #ef7409;">BTC/PTC</span></h3>
<p><img decoding="async" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-17953" src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1901-300x200.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="200" srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1901-300x200.jpg 300w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1901-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1901-768x512.jpg 768w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1901-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1901-2048x1365.jpg 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></p>
<p>The ballast tank control, or piston tank control, abbreviated BTS, is necessary to control the piston tanks. This can work in several ways. Firstly, as a fully proportional tank, meaning the piston is controlled over its entire stroke length with a linear slide switch. For this, magnets on one of the gears and a Hall sensor are required. It is also possible to control it using a simple 2- or 3-way switch that either completely floods or drains the tank.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h3><span style="color: #ef7409;">Water detector</span></h3>
<p><img decoding="async" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-17954" src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1905-300x200.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="200" srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1905-300x200.jpg 300w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1905-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1905-768x512.jpg 768w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1905-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1905-2048x1365.jpg 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></p>
<p>The water detector is a relay module used to detect incoming water or, in a compressed air submarine, prevent flooding when the snorkel head valve is still open.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h3><span style="color: #ef7409;">On/Off Switch</span></h3>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-17952" src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1894-300x200.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="200" srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1894-300x200.jpg 300w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1894-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1894-768x512.jpg 768w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1894-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1894-2048x1365.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></p>
<p>The On/Off switch cuts off power to the entire onboard electronics. All load circuits are connected here. Additionally, there is a 6V tap to supply power to the receiver. Normally, switching is done via a reed switch to allow the boat to be turned on or off even when closed using a magnet. There is also a charging input.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h3><span style="color: #ef7409;">Multi-channel switch (MKS)</span></h3>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-17951" src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1889-300x200.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="200" srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1889-300x200.jpg 300w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1889-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1889-768x512.jpg 768w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1889-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1889-2048x1365.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></p>
<p>The MKS is essentially the heart of the submarine control. It switches all functions that the boat has in addition to the control. This ranges from simply switching the position lights to the compressors that are connected to the snorkel head valve and the water detector via dependency logic. A detailed description is available in the separate <a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/unser-mehrkanalschalter/">MKS post.</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h3><span style="color: #ef7409;">Transverse thruster control</span></h3>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-17950" src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_0076-300x200.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="200" srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_0076-300x200.jpg 300w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_0076-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_0076-768x512.jpg 768w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_0076-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_0076-2048x1365.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></p>
<p>This relay module can control 4 transverse pumps. Another relay switches 2 pumps diagonally. This allows the boat to turn &#8222;on the plate&#8220; or traverse left and right.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h3><span style="color: #ef7409;">Attitude and depth controller</span></h3>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-17949" src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_0072-300x200.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="200" srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_0072-300x200.jpg 300w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_0072-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_0072-768x512.jpg 768w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_0072-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_0072-2048x1365.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></p>
<p>The LTR controls the horizontal position of the boat and acts on the depth rudders of the submarine. The set diving depth is maintained via a pressure sensor.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h3><span style="color: #ef7409;">Pressure switch and pressure sensor</span></h3>
<p>The pressure or vacuum switch reports the filling pressure or vacuum to the multi-channel switch and leads to shutting down the compressors or, in case of vacuum, locking the flood command. Pressure sensors have now become established to replace the two pressure switches (vacuum/fill pressure).</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h3><span style="color: #ef7409;">Microvalves</span></h3>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-17955" src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1907-300x200.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="200" srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1907-300x200.jpg 300w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1907-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1907-768x512.jpg 768w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1907-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1907-2048x1365.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></p>
<p>The smallest series of Festo valves (MZH) are used in the area of extension devices. The operating voltage here is 24V, each valve controls an extension device and the snorkel head. The image shows 8 valves installed on a valve island, the outputs are equipped with QS connectors.</p>

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		<title>Tutorial laminieren</title>
		<link>https://pressluftjunkies.de/tutorial-laminieren/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Sascha]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 03 Mar 2023 15:50:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Technik]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://pressluftjunkies.de/?p=16465</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="wpb-content-wrapper"><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12"><div class="vc_column-inner vc_custom_1709235369002"><div class="wpb_wrapper">
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			<p>Dies ist eine kleine Anleitung zum Gebrauch und Umgang mit Laminierharzen und Glasgewebe. Alle Tips basieren auf Erfahrungen der letzten Jahrzehnte und können vom zu erstellenden Modell, oder der Form natürlich unterschiedlich sein.</p>
<p><!-- /wp:post-content --></p>
<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><span style="color: #ff0000;">ACHTUNG: Bitte immer Schutzhandschuhe tragen und nach dem Arbeiten mit Harzen/Trennmitteln die Hände gründlich waschen. Sicherheitshinweise und Datenblätter beachten!</span></p>
<h3><!-- /wp:paragraph --></h3>
<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><strong><em>Benötigte Komponenten:</em></strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Einmalhandschuhe</li>
<li>Zeitungspapier</li>
<li>Papiertücher/Küchenrolle</li>
<li>Becher</li>
<li>Pinsel</li>
<li>Digitalwaage (Grammgenau)</li>
<li>Trennmittel (z.B. Wachs, PVAC usw.)</li>
<li>Laminierharz</li>
<li>Oberflächenharz (Gelcoat)</li>
</ul>

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  width: 36px;
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  border-radius: 500px;
}
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  top: 50%;
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    transform: translateY(-50%);
    margin-top: 0px;
  }
}
.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-497917e41ae0f6808615df1fa9f7ac34.owl-carousel .owl-nav div.owl-next i {
  padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;
}
.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-497917e41ae0f6808615df1fa9f7ac34.owl-carousel .owl-nav i {
  font-size: 18px;
}
.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-497917e41ae0f6808615df1fa9f7ac34.owl-carousel .owl-nav div:not(:hover) i,
.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-497917e41ae0f6808615df1fa9f7ac34.owl-carousel .owl-nav div:not(:hover) i:before {
  color: #ffffff;
  background: none;
}
.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-497917e41ae0f6808615df1fa9f7ac34.owl-carousel .owl-nav div:hover i,
.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-497917e41ae0f6808615df1fa9f7ac34.owl-carousel .owl-nav div:hover i:before {
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.75);
  background: none;
}
.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-497917e41ae0f6808615df1fa9f7ac34 .owl-dots {
  top: calc(100% + 20px);
  left: 50%;
  transform: translateX(calc(-50% + 0px));
}
@media all and (-ms-high-contrast: none) {
  .gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-497917e41ae0f6808615df1fa9f7ac34 .owl-dots {
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    margin-left: 0px;
  }
}
.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-497917e41ae0f6808615df1fa9f7ac34 .owl-dot {
  width: 10px;
  height: 10px;
  margin: 0 8px;
}
@media screen and (max-width: 778px) {
  .gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-497917e41ae0f6808615df1fa9f7ac34.hide-arrows .owl-nav a {
    display: none;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 778px) {
  .gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-497917e41ae0f6808615df1fa9f7ac34.reposition-arrows .owl-nav div.owl-prev {
    top: 50%;
    transform: translateY(calc(-50% + 0px));
    left: 10px;
  }
  .gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-497917e41ae0f6808615df1fa9f7ac34.reposition-arrows .owl-nav div.owl-next {
    top: 50%;
    transform: translateY(calc(-50% + 0px));
    right: 10px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 778px) and all and (-ms-high-contrast: none) {
  .gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-497917e41ae0f6808615df1fa9f7ac34.reposition-arrows .owl-nav div.owl-prev {
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    margin-top: 0px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 778px) and all and (-ms-high-contrast: none) {
  .gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-497917e41ae0f6808615df1fa9f7ac34.reposition-arrows .owl-nav div.owl-next {
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    margin-top: 0px;
  }
}
.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-497917e41ae0f6808615df1fa9f7ac34 figure,
.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-497917e41ae0f6808615df1fa9f7ac34 .rollover,
.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-497917e41ae0f6808615df1fa9f7ac34 img,
.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-497917e41ae0f6808615df1fa9f7ac34 .gallery-rollover {
  border-radius: 0px;
}
.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-497917e41ae0f6808615df1fa9f7ac34.enable-bg-rollover .gallery-rollover {
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient();
  background: linear-gradient();
}
.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-497917e41ae0f6808615df1fa9f7ac34.enable-img-shadow .owl-stage-outer {
  padding: 14px 0;
}
.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-497917e41ae0f6808615df1fa9f7ac34.enable-bg-rollover.hover-scale figure .rollover:after {
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient();
  background: linear-gradient();
}
.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-497917e41ae0f6808615df1fa9f7ac34.gallery-shortcode .gallery-zoom-ico {
  width: 44px;
  height: 44px;
  line-height: 44px;
  border-radius: 100px;
  margin: -22px 0 0 -22px;
  border-width: 0px;
}
.dt-icon-bg-on.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-497917e41ae0f6808615df1fa9f7ac34.gallery-shortcode .gallery-zoom-ico {
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.3);
  box-shadow: none;
}
.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-497917e41ae0f6808615df1fa9f7ac34.gallery-shortcode .gallery-zoom-ico:before,
.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-497917e41ae0f6808615df1fa9f7ac34.gallery-shortcode .gallery-zoom-ico span {
  font-size: 32px;
  line-height: 44px;
  color: #ffffff;
  background: none;
}</style><div class="owl-carousel gallery-carousel-shortcode gallery-shortcode  dt-gallery-container dt-owl-carousel-call gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-497917e41ae0f6808615df1fa9f7ac34 quick-scale-img enable-bg-rollover meta-info-off dt-arrow-hover-border-on bullets-small-dot-stroke reposition-arrows dt-icon-bg-off arrows-bg-off disable-arrows-hover-bg arrows-hover-bg-on  hover-fade " data-scroll-mode="1" data-col-num="6" data-wide-col-num="6" data-laptop-col="5" data-h-tablet-columns-num="4" data-v-tablet-columns-num="3" data-phone-columns-num="1" data-col-gap="10" data-stage-padding="0" data-speed="600" data-autoplay="false" data-autoplay_speed="6000" data-arrows="true" data-bullet="false" data-next-icon="icon-ar-017-r" data-prev-icon="icon-ar-017-l" data-img-shadow-size="12px" data-img-shadow-spread="3px"><div data-post-id="17040" data-date="2023-08-03T11:03:33+00:00" data-name="IMG_20180423_084816"><figure class="post"><a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/IMG_20180423_084816-scaled.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="2560" data-large_image_height="1440" data-dt-img-description="" title="IMG_20180423_084816"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%201440%201440&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/IMG_20180423_084816-scaled-1440x1440.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/IMG_20180423_084816-scaled-1440x1440.jpg 1440w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 1440 / 1440" sizes="(max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px" alt="" width="1440" height="1440"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div><div data-post-id="17039" data-date="2023-08-03T11:03:28+00:00" data-name="IMG_20180423_083423"><figure class="post"><a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/IMG_20180423_083423-scaled.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="1440" data-large_image_height="2560" data-dt-img-description="" title="IMG_20180423_083423"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%201440%201440&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/IMG_20180423_083423-scaled-1440x1440.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/IMG_20180423_083423-scaled-1440x1440.jpg 1440w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 1440 / 1440" sizes="(max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px" alt="" width="1440" height="1440"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div><div data-post-id="17038" data-date="2023-08-03T11:03:24+00:00" data-name="IMG_20180423_083419"><figure class="post"><a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/IMG_20180423_083419-scaled.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="1440" data-large_image_height="2560" data-dt-img-description="" title="IMG_20180423_083419"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%201440%201440&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/IMG_20180423_083419-scaled-1440x1440.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/IMG_20180423_083419-scaled-1440x1440.jpg 1440w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 1440 / 1440" sizes="(max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px" alt="" width="1440" height="1440"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div><div data-post-id="17037" data-date="2023-08-03T11:03:19+00:00" data-name="IMG_20180423_083300"><figure class="post"><a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/IMG_20180423_083300-scaled.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="1440" data-large_image_height="2560" data-dt-img-description="" title="IMG_20180423_083300"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%201440%201440&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/IMG_20180423_083300-scaled-1440x1440.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/IMG_20180423_083300-scaled-1440x1440.jpg 1440w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 1440 / 1440" sizes="(max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px" alt="" width="1440" height="1440"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div><div data-post-id="17036" data-date="2023-08-03T11:03:14+00:00" data-name="IMG_20180423_083028"><figure class="post"><a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/IMG_20180423_083028-scaled.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="2560" data-large_image_height="1440" data-dt-img-description="" title="IMG_20180423_083028"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%201440%201440&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/IMG_20180423_083028-scaled-1440x1440.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/IMG_20180423_083028-scaled-1440x1440.jpg 1440w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 1440 / 1440" sizes="(max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px" alt="" width="1440" height="1440"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div><div data-post-id="17035" data-date="2023-08-03T11:03:09+00:00" data-name="IMG_20180423_082714"><figure class="post"><a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/IMG_20180423_082714-scaled.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="2560" data-large_image_height="1440" data-dt-img-description="" title="IMG_20180423_082714"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%201440%201440&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/IMG_20180423_082714-scaled-1440x1440.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/IMG_20180423_082714-scaled-1440x1440.jpg 1440w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 1440 / 1440" sizes="(max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px" alt="" width="1440" height="1440"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div><div data-post-id="17034" data-date="2023-08-03T11:03:03+00:00" data-name="IMG_20180423_082709"><figure class="post"><a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/IMG_20180423_082709-scaled.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="2560" data-large_image_height="1440" data-dt-img-description="" title="IMG_20180423_082709"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%201440%201440&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/IMG_20180423_082709-scaled-1440x1440.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/IMG_20180423_082709-scaled-1440x1440.jpg 1440w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 1440 / 1440" sizes="(max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px" alt="" width="1440" height="1440"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div><div data-post-id="17033" data-date="2023-08-03T11:02:58+00:00" data-name="IMG_20180423_084825"><figure class="post"><a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/IMG_20180423_084825-scaled.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="2560" data-large_image_height="1440" data-dt-img-description="" title="IMG_20180423_084825"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%201440%201440&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/IMG_20180423_084825-scaled-1440x1440.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/IMG_20180423_084825-scaled-1440x1440.jpg 1440w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 1440 / 1440" sizes="(max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px" alt="" width="1440" height="1440"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div><div data-post-id="17032" data-date="2023-08-03T11:02:54+00:00" data-name="IMG_20180420_192139"><figure class="post"><a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/IMG_20180420_192139-scaled.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="2560" data-large_image_height="1440" data-dt-img-description="" title="IMG_20180420_192139"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%201440%201440&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/IMG_20180420_192139-scaled-1440x1440.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/IMG_20180420_192139-scaled-1440x1440.jpg 1440w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 1440 / 1440" sizes="(max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px" alt="" width="1440" height="1440"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div><div data-post-id="17031" data-date="2023-08-03T11:02:50+00:00" data-name="IMG_20180419_184246"><figure class="post"><a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/IMG_20180419_184246-scaled.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="2560" data-large_image_height="1440" data-dt-img-description="" title="IMG_20180419_184246"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%201440%201440&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/IMG_20180419_184246-scaled-1440x1440.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/IMG_20180419_184246-scaled-1440x1440.jpg 1440w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 1440 / 1440" sizes="(max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px" alt="" width="1440" height="1440"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div><div data-post-id="17030" data-date="2023-08-03T11:02:44+00:00" data-name="IMG_20180419_184241"><figure class="post"><a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/IMG_20180419_184241-scaled.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="2560" data-large_image_height="1440" data-dt-img-description="" title="IMG_20180419_184241"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%201440%201440&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/IMG_20180419_184241-scaled-1440x1440.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/IMG_20180419_184241-scaled-1440x1440.jpg 1440w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 1440 / 1440" sizes="(max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px" alt="" width="1440" height="1440"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div><div data-post-id="17029" data-date="2023-08-03T11:02:40+00:00" data-name="IMG_20180419_184239"><figure class="post"><a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/IMG_20180419_184239-scaled.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" 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data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/IMG_20180420_192145-scaled-1440x1440.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/IMG_20180420_192145-scaled-1440x1440.jpg 1440w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 1440 / 1440" sizes="(max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px" alt="" width="1440" height="1440"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper">
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			<h3><em><span style="color: #ff6600;">Vorbereitung der Urmodelle</span> </em></h3>
<p>Der Bericht zeigt das laminieren einer Form am Beispiel des Bug- und Heckteils der TR1700. Die Urmodellhälften wurden mehrfach Lackiert um die Poren des Schaumes zu schließen. Anschließend konnten die Urmodelle eingewachst und poliert werden. Auf das Trennbrett sind zur sauberen Positionierung Messinghülsen aufgeklebt, die mit einlaminiert werden. Das Harz muss zwingend nach Herstellerangaben (Volumen oder Gewicht) gemischt werden. Es ist ebenfalls peinlichst genau darauf zu achten, das Harz und den Härter sauber zu durchmischen. Der Becherrand, der Boden und das Rührstäbchen sollten mehrfach abgestrichen und nochmals verrührt werden. <strong>KEINESFALLS</strong> mehr Härter hinzugeben, das beschleunigt <strong>NICHT</strong> die Aushärtung. Den Pinsel zum Auftragen habe ich um etwa die Hälfte gekürzt. Dadurch kann man besser tupfen. <!-- wp:paragraph -->Es folgt eine Schicht Formharz. Dieses bildet die Oberfläche und ist sehr abriebfest und beständig. Da mehrere Rümpfe gebaut werden, sollte die Form eine gewisse Anzahl von Abformungen standhalten. Nach dem angelieren des Formharzes werden Glasfaserschnitzel in das noch nasse Harz eingestreut. Diese bilden die Kupplungsschicht zwischen Formharz und Laminat.</p>
<h3><span style="color: #ff6600;"><em>Laminat</em></span></h3>
<p><!-- /wp:paragraph --></p>
<p><!-- wp:paragraph -->Nun kann mit dem eigentlichen Laminieren begonnen werden. Die zuvor zugeschnittenen Gewebestücke werden aufgelegt und mit Harz bestrichen. Es ist darauf zu achten, dass die Oberfläche nicht tropfnass ist, sondern nur matt und gleichmäßig von Harz durchtränkt ist. Die Arbeitsschritte müssen unbedingt nass in nass erfolgen, sonst verbinden sich die einzelnen Schichten nicht sauber untereinander. Scharfe Ecken oder Kanten sind beim laminieren immer ein Problem, da sich das Gewebe nicht in Ecken legt. Daher mischt man einen kleinen Teil Harz mit Baumwollflocken, bis eine zähe Masse entsteht. Sie ist gut gemischt wenn sie nicht mehr vom Rührstäbchen läuft (Tixotropie). Das ganze wird Sorgfältig in die Kanten eingebracht.</p>
<p><!-- /wp:paragraph -->Viel Erfolg!</p>
<p><!-- /wp:paragraph --></p>

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			<p>This is a guide for the use and handling of laminating resins and fiberglass. Everything should be considered as a guideline and may naturally vary from model to model.</p>
<p><span style="color: #ff0000;">CAUTION: Please always wear protective gloves and wash your hands thoroughly after working with resins/release agents. Follow safety instructions and data sheets!</span></p>
<p><em><strong>Required components:</strong></em></p>
<ul>
<li>Disposable gloves</li>
<li>Newspaper</li>
<li>Paper towels/kitchen roll</li>
<li>Cup</li>
<li>Brush</li>
<li>Digital scale (gram-precise)</li>
<li>Release agent (e.g., wax, PVAC, etc.)</li>
<li>Laminating resin</li>
<li>Surface resin (gelcoat)</li>
</ul>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="color: #ff6600;"><em><strong>Preparation of the Master Models</strong></em></span></p>
<p>The report illustrates the lamination of a mold using the example of the bow and stern parts of the TR1700. The master model halves were painted multiple times to seal the pores of the foam. Then, the master models could be waxed and polished. Brass sleeves were glued onto the separation board for precise positioning, and these would be laminated in as well. The resin must be mixed strictly according to the manufacturer&#8217;s instructions (either by volume or weight). It is also crucial to ensure that the resin and hardener are thoroughly mixed. The rim of the mixing cup, the bottom, and the stirring stick should be wiped clean multiple times and stirred again. <strong>UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES</strong> should more hardener be added, as this does <strong>NOT</strong> accelerate the curing process. I cut the brush for application by about half, which allows for better dabbing. A layer of mold resin is then applied. This forms the surface and is very abrasion-resistant and durable. Since multiple hulls will be built, the mold should withstand a certain number of reproductions. After the mold resin begins to gel, fiberglass shavings are sprinkled into the still wet resin. These form the coupling layer between the mold resin and the laminate.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h3><span style="color: #ff6600;"><em><strong>Laminating</strong></em></span></h3>
<p>Now, the actual laminating process can begin. The previously cut pieces of fabric are laid out and coated with resin. It&#8217;s important to ensure that the surface is not dripping wet but rather uniformly and evenly saturated with resin. The steps must be carried out wet-on-wet, otherwise, the individual layers won&#8217;t bond cleanly together. Sharp corners or edges are always a challenge when laminating because the fabric doesn&#8217;t conform well to corners. Therefore, a small amount of resin is mixed with cotton flock until a viscous mass is formed. It&#8217;s well mixed when it no longer drips from the stirring stick (thixotropy). Carefully apply this mixture to the edges.</p>
<p>Wishing you success!</p>

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		<title>Pressluft</title>
		<link>https://pressluftjunkies.de/pressluft/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Annette]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 06 Jan 2021 10:30:50 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Technik]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://pressluftjunkies.de/?p=17250</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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			<h3><span style="color: #ff9900;"><em>Was machen wir eigentlich mit der Luft in unseren Modellen?</em></span></h3>
<p>Die Verwendung von „gepresster Luft“ fängt beim Haupttauchtank an. Der nach unten offene Tank wird von drei Zwei-Wege Ventilen, die elektrisch betrieben werden, verschlossen. Diese Ventile sollen einen möglichst großen Querschnitt haben und müssen auch bei geringem Druck schon öffnen. Der Druck wird von dem Wasserstand im Tank zur Wasseroberfläche bestimmt. Bei aufgetauchtem Boot etwa 170 mm also ca. 0,017 bar. Es dauert mehr als 30 Sek. bis bei diesem geringen Druck die ca. 5 ½ Liter Luft vollständig entwichen sind.</p>
<p><!-- /wp:post-content --></p>
<p><!-- wp:paragraph -->Das nächste Zwei-Wege Ventil wird zum Ausblasen des Haupttauchtanks verwendet. Der Eingang ist über ein einstellbares Drosselventil mit dem unteren Ausgang des Druckluft-Tanks verbunden. Entstandenes Kondenswasser aus dem Drucktank wird mit gerissen. Der Auftauch Vorgang kann fein ein geregelt werden. Die Luft für die Kompressoren gelangt über das offene Schnorchel-Kopfventil durch das Rohr in den Wasserkasten. Eventuell mit gerissene Wassertropfen können sich dort am Boden sammeln. Über Löcher in den Spanten gelangt die Luft zu den beiden Kompressoren. Über je ein Rückschlagventil wird sie in den 1,5 Liter fassenden Tank gedrückt. Am Tank sind für den Eingang und die AfGs zwei seitliche Anschlüsse vorhanden. Am Tankboden befindet sich ein Anschluss für das Ausblase-Ventil. Der Betriebsdruck ist ca. 6,5 bar.</p>
<p><!-- /wp:paragraph --></p>
<p><!-- wp:paragraph -->Um das Schnorchel-Kopfventil zu steuern ist bereits ein Drei-Wege Ventil nötig. Der zugehörige Luftzylinder ist einfach wirkend. Das heißt die Druckluft bewegt den Kolben nur in eine Richtung. Zurück wird der Kolben von einer Feder gedrückt. Wenn das Ventil den Weg für die Abluft aus dem Zylinder frei macht. Die Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit kann hierbei nicht geregelt werden. Ist auch nicht nötig. Der Hub ist kurz und das Schließen soll schnell gehen. Für das Kopfventil gibt es einen kleinen Zwischenspeicher mit Rückschlagventil. Einerseits soll der volle Druck zur Verfügung stehen. Andererseits muss sich der Schnorchel-Kopf auch noch öffnen lassen wenn die übrige Druckluft verbraucht ist. Die Zylinder der AfGs sind alle zweifach wirkend. Die Auf- und die Ab-Bewegung werden jeweils von Druckluft gesteuert. Dazu werden Fünf-Wege benötigt (einmal Eingang, zweimal Ausgang, zweimal Abluft). Diese sind alle auf einem Alu-Block montiert. Das erleichtert die Montage. Die Abluft kann einen Schalldämpfer bekommen. Sie wird in das Boot geleitet und erhöht den Innendruck bis zum nächsten Kompressorlauf. Die Anschüsse zu den Druckluftzylindern sind mit Abluft-Drosselventilen ausgestattet. Das Drosseln der Abluft ermöglicht auch bei schwankendem Druck eine gleichmäßige Bewegung der Kolbenstange.</p>

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			<h3><span style="color: #ff9900;"><em><strong>What do we actually do with the air in our models?</strong></em></span></h3>
<p>The use of &#8222;compressed air&#8220; starts with the main diving tank. The downward open tank is closed by three two-way valves, which are electrically operated. These valves are supposed to have the largest possible cross-section and must open even at low pressure. The pressure is determined by the water level in the tank to the water surface. With the boat surfaced, it&#8217;s about 170 mm, approximately 0.017 bar. It takes more than 30 seconds until the approximately 5 ½ liters of air have completely escaped at this low pressure.</p>
<p>The next two-way valve is used to blow out the main diving tank. The input is connected to the lower outlet of the compressed air tank via an adjustable throttle valve. Condensation water from the pressure tank is carried along. The surfacing process can be finely controlled. The air for the compressors enters the water box through the open snorkel head valve via the pipe. Any water droplets carried along can collect there at the bottom. The air reaches the two compressors via holes in the frames. It is pressed into the 1.5-liter tank via a check valve each. There are two lateral connections on the tank for the inlet and the AfGs. There is a connection for the blow-out valve on the tank bottom. The operating pressure is approximately 6.5 bar.</p>
<p>To control the snorkel head valve, a three-way valve is already necessary. The associated air cylinder is single-acting. This means that the compressed air moves the piston only in one direction. The piston is pushed back by a spring. When the valve clears the path for the exhaust air from the cylinder. The speed of movement cannot be controlled here. It is also not necessary. The stroke is short and the closing should be quick. For the head valve, there is a small intermediate storage with a check valve. On the one hand, the full pressure should be available. On the other hand, the snorkel head must still be able to open when the remaining compressed air is used up. The cylinders of the AfGs are all double-acting. The upward and downward movements are controlled by compressed air. For this, Five-ways are needed (once input, twice output, twice exhaust). These are all mounted on an aluminum block. This makes assembly easier. The exhaust air can receive a silencer. It is directed into the boat and increases the internal pressure until the next compressor run. The connections to the compressed air cylinders are equipped with exhaust throttle valves. Throttling the exhaust air also enables a smooth movement of the piston rod even with fluctuating pressure.</p>

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}</style><div class="owl-carousel gallery-carousel-shortcode gallery-shortcode  dt-gallery-container dt-owl-carousel-call gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-5ff3677ac7325cef285e8ede2eeb35d4 quick-scale-img enable-bg-rollover meta-info-off bullets-small-dot-stroke reposition-arrows dt-icon-bg-off arrows-bg-off disable-arrows-hover-bg arrows-hover-bg-off  vc_custom_1691318037498 hover-fade " data-scroll-mode="1" data-col-num="6" data-wide-col-num="6" data-laptop-col="5" data-h-tablet-columns-num="4" data-v-tablet-columns-num="3" data-phone-columns-num="1" data-col-gap="10" data-stage-padding="0" data-speed="600" data-autoplay="false" data-autoplay_speed="6000" data-arrows="true" data-bullet="false" data-next-icon="icon-ar-017-r" data-prev-icon="icon-ar-017-l" data-img-shadow-size="12px" data-img-shadow-spread="3px"><div data-post-id="15260" data-date="2023-07-19T16:52:25+00:00" data-name="Luft_010"><figure class="post"><a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Luft_010.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="650" data-large_image_height="460" data-dt-img-description="" title="Luft_010"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%20460%20460&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Luft_010-460x460.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Luft_010-460x460.jpg 460w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 460 / 460" sizes="(max-width: 460px) 100vw, 460px" alt="" width="460" height="460"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div><div data-post-id="15259" data-date="2023-07-19T16:52:24+00:00" data-name="Luft_006"><figure class="post"><a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Luft_006.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="650" data-large_image_height="484" data-dt-img-description="" title="Luft_006"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%20484%20484&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Luft_006-484x484.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Luft_006-484x484.jpg 484w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 484 / 484" sizes="(max-width: 484px) 100vw, 484px" alt="" width="484" height="484"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div><div data-post-id="15258" data-date="2023-07-19T16:52:24+00:00" data-name="Luft_004"><figure class="post"><a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Luft_004.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="650" data-large_image_height="488" data-dt-img-description="" title="Luft_004"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%20488%20488&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Luft_004-488x488.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Luft_004-488x488.jpg 488w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 488 / 488" sizes="(max-width: 488px) 100vw, 488px" alt="" width="488" height="488"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div><div data-post-id="15257" data-date="2023-07-19T16:52:24+00:00" data-name="Luft_003"><figure class="post"><a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Luft_003.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="650" data-large_image_height="473" data-dt-img-description="" title="Luft_003"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%20473%20473&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Luft_003-473x473.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Luft_003-473x473.jpg 473w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 473 / 473" sizes="(max-width: 473px) 100vw, 473px" alt="" width="473" height="473"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div><div data-post-id="15256" data-date="2023-07-19T16:52:23+00:00" data-name="Luft_002"><figure class="post"><a 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href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Luft_001.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="650" data-large_image_height="488" data-dt-img-description="" title="Luft_001"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%20488%20488&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Luft_001-488x488.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Luft_001-488x488.jpg 488w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 488 / 488" sizes="(max-width: 488px) 100vw, 488px" alt="" width="488" height="488"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12"><div class="vc_column-inner vc_custom_1709476109017"><div class="wpb_wrapper">
	<div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " >
		<div class="wpb_wrapper">
			<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-full wp-image-16471 aligncenter" src="http://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/FileClosedStamp.png" alt="" width="150" height="59" /></p>

		</div>
	</div>
</div></div></div></div></div>]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Kolbentank Eigenbau</title>
		<link>https://pressluftjunkies.de/kolbentank-eigenbau/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Annette]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 17 Apr 2020 19:27:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Technik]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://pressluftjunkies.de/?p=15328</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="wpb-content-wrapper"><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper">
	<div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " >
		<div class="wpb_wrapper">
			<p>Auf den Zeichnungen und Fotos sind Kolbentanks zu sehen, wie sie im Allgemeinen in Pressluftboote eingebaut werden. Darin stecken die Erfahrungen und das Wissen einiger Modellbau-Kollegen. Ein gutes Video zum Thema Kolbentankbau hat unser Freund Mathias ins Netz gestellt. Ihr findet es <strong><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-GycSf1RWLY" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">hier</a></strong></p>
<p>Material-Liste</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li style="list-style-type: none;">
<ul>
<li>Deckel aus 100 PVC oder Aluminium</li>
<li>Kugellager 12x32x10; alternativ 12x28x8, die Bohrung ist hier bei 22/28 anstatt 32. Da das Lager 8mm breit ist bleibt ein Bund von 2mm stehen und das Lager wird nur von einer Seite befestigt.)</li>
<li>Spindelmutter aus Stahl, selbstgedreht</li>
<li>Gewindestange M10 Messing</li>
<li>Motor RB 35 mit der höchsten Drehzahl (200 1/min) also der kleinsten  Übersetzung (1:30)</li>
<li>Die Zahnräder sind Modul 1 (z.B.Mädler 28Z Ms, 17Z St)</li>
<li>Die Löcher in der Mitte der Deckel und Kolben sind 8 mm. So kann man 1/8″ für den Wasseranschluss und M10 für die Gewindestange hinein schneiden.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>

		</div>
	</div>
</div></div></div></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12"><div class="vc_column-inner vc_custom_1709228969608"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="vc_separator wpb_content_element vc_separator_align_center vc_sep_width_100 vc_sep_pos_align_center vc_separator_no_text vc_sep_color_grey wpb_content_element  wpb_content_element" ><span class="vc_sep_holder vc_sep_holder_l"><span class="vc_sep_line"></span></span><span class="vc_sep_holder vc_sep_holder_r"><span class="vc_sep_line"></span></span>
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper">
	<div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " >
		<div class="wpb_wrapper">
			<p>On the drawings and photos, piston tanks can be seen, as they are generally installed in compressed air boats. These contain the experiences and knowledge of some model-building colleagues. Our friend Mathias has posted a good video on the subject of piston tank construction online. You can find it <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-GycSf1RWLY">here</a>.</p>
<p>Material List:</p>
<ul>
<li>Lid made of 100 PVC or aluminum</li>
<li>Ball bearings 12x32x10; alternatively 12x28x8, with a bore of 22/28 instead of 32. Since the bearing is 8mm wide, a collar of 2mm remains, and the bearing is only attached from one side.)</li>
<li>Steel spindle nut, self-turned</li>
<li>M10 brass threaded rod</li>
<li>RB 35 motor with the highest speed (200 1/min), thus the smallest gear ratio (1:30)</li>
<li>The gears are module 1 (e.g., Mädler 28Z Ms, 17Z St)</li>
<li>The holes in the middle of the lids and pistons are 8 mm. This allows for cutting 1/8&#8243; for the water connection and M10 for the threaded rod.</li>
</ul>

		</div>
	</div>
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class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="416" data-large_image_height="480" data-dt-img-description="" title="Detailzeichnung 03"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%20416%20416&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Detailzeichnung-03-416x416.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Detailzeichnung-03-416x416.jpg 416w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 416 / 416" sizes="(max-width: 416px) 100vw, 416px" alt="" width="416" height="416"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div><div data-post-id="15277" data-date="2023-07-19T17:06:22+00:00" data-name="Kolbentank_011"><figure class="post"><a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Kolbentank_011.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="471" data-large_image_height="480" data-dt-img-description="" title="Kolbentank_011"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%20471%20471&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Kolbentank_011-471x471.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Kolbentank_011-471x471.jpg 471w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 471 / 471" sizes="(max-width: 471px) 100vw, 471px" alt="" width="471" height="471"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div><div data-post-id="15276" data-date="2023-07-19T17:06:22+00:00" data-name="Kolbentank_010"><figure class="post"><a 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href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Kolbentank_009.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="480" data-large_image_height="360" data-dt-img-description="" title="Kolbentank_009"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%20360%20360&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Kolbentank_009-360x360.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Kolbentank_009-360x360.jpg 360w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 360 / 360" sizes="(max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px" alt="" width="360" height="360"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div><div data-post-id="15274" data-date="2023-07-19T17:06:21+00:00" data-name="OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA"><figure class="post"><a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Kolbentank_008.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="480" data-large_image_height="360" data-dt-img-description="" title="OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%20360%20360&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Kolbentank_008-360x360.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Kolbentank_008-360x360.jpg 360w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 360 / 360" sizes="(max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px" alt="" width="360" height="360"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div><div data-post-id="15271" data-date="2023-07-19T17:06:20+00:00" data-name=""><figure class="post"><a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Kolbentank_005.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="480" data-large_image_height="360" data-dt-img-description="" ><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%20360%20360&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Kolbentank_005-360x360.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Kolbentank_005-360x360.jpg 360w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 360 / 360" sizes="(max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px" alt="" width="360" height="360"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div><div data-post-id="15270" data-date="2023-07-19T17:06:20+00:00" data-name="OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA"><figure class="post"><a 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class="post"><a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Kolbentank_003.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="360" data-large_image_height="480" data-dt-img-description="" title="OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%20360%20360&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Kolbentank_003-360x360.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Kolbentank_003-360x360.jpg 360w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 360 / 360" sizes="(max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px" alt="" width="360" height="360"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div><div data-post-id="15268" data-date="2023-07-19T17:06:19+00:00" data-name="OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA"><figure class="post"><a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Kolbentank_002.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="480" data-large_image_height="360" data-dt-img-description="" title="OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%20360%20360&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Kolbentank_002-360x360.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Kolbentank_002-360x360.jpg 360w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 360 / 360" sizes="(max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px" alt="" width="360" height="360"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div><div data-post-id="15267" data-date="2023-07-19T17:06:19+00:00" data-name="OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA"><figure class="post"><a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Kolbentank_001.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="480" data-large_image_height="360" data-dt-img-description="" title="OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%20360%20360&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Kolbentank_001-360x360.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Kolbentank_001-360x360.jpg 360w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 360 / 360" sizes="(max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px" alt="" width="360" height="360"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper">
	<div  class="wpb_single_image wpb_content_element vc_align_center  vc_custom_1709476170548">
		
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</div></div></div></div></div>]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Lackierung und Alterung</title>
		<link>https://pressluftjunkies.de/lackierung-und-alterung/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Sascha]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 03 Aug 2017 19:30:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Technik]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://pressluftjunkies.de/?p=16604</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="wpb-content-wrapper"><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper">
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			<p>Nachdem ich meine 212A fertig gebaut hatte stand das Lackieren an. Im Internet gibt es einiges an Informationen in Sachen Alterung. Jedoch habe ich kaum etwas gefunden wie man ein modernes Boot altert.  Da die Außenhaut beim Original aus Kunststoff besteht fallen Rost und ähnliches komplett weg.</p>
<p>Zunächst habe ich den kompletten Rumpf mit Korn 240 angeschliffen.</p>
<p>Die Originalboote haben an Deck einen Antirutschbelag. Dazu gibt es mehrere Methoden. Von Aufgeklebtem Schleifpapier bis hin zu eingestreutem Sand. Gefallen haben mir keine so richtig, der Sand war meist zu grob und das Schleifpapier lag nicht richtig an, oder löste sich nach kurzer Zeit ab. Daher startete ich Experimente mit Tixotropierpulver (Zum andicken von Epoxid- oder Gießharzen). Die Oberfläche war nicht grob und passte wesentlich besser zum Maßstab.</p>
<p><!-- /wp:post-content -->Die Stoßkanten der Platten wurden per Preshading abgedunkelt und anschließend mit dem Grundlack dünn überlackiert.</p>
<p><!-- /wp:paragraph --><!-- /wp:paragraph --><!-- /wp:paragraph --></p>
<p><!-- wp:paragraph -->Im nächsten Schritt stand die Alterung des Wasserpass an. Dieser ist schon nach Tagen auf See grün von Algen und Ablagerungen. Aufgebracht habe ich dann wieder Acryllack mit einem festen Langborstigen Pinsel. Zum Einsatz kamen Moosgrün, etwas Grau und Feldgrau. Der Pinsel ist dabei fast trocken und lackiert habe ich nur tupfend.</p>
<p><!-- /wp:paragraph --><!-- /wp:paragraph --></p>
<p><!-- wp:paragraph -->Ganz zum Schluss muss alles mit einem seidenmatten Klarlack versiegelt werden.</p>

		</div>
	</div>
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			<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>After I had finished building my 212A, it was time for painting. There is quite a lot of information on weathering available on the internet. However, I found hardly anything on how to weather a modern boat. Since the outer hull of the original is made of plastic, rust and similar effects are completely out of the question.</p>
<p>First, I sanded the entire hull with 240-grit sandpaper.</p>
<p>The original boats have an anti-slip coating on the deck. There are several methods to replicate this, ranging from glued-on sandpaper to sprinkled sand. None of these really appealed to me: the sand was usually too coarse, and the sandpaper either didn’t conform properly or came loose after a short time. Therefore, I started experimenting with thixotropic powder (used to thicken epoxy or casting resins). The surface was not too rough and matched the scale much better.</p>
<p>The joints between the plates were darkened using preshading and then lightly overpainted with the base color.</p>
<p>The next step was weathering the waterline. After only a few days at sea, this area turns green from algae and deposits. I again used acrylic paint, applied with a stiff, long-bristled brush. The colors used were moss green, a bit of gray, and field gray. The brush was almost dry, and the paint was applied only by dabbing.</p>
<p>Finally, everything has to be sealed with a satin clear coat.</p>

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		<title>Tommy</title>
		<link>https://pressluftjunkies.de/tommy/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Annette]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 23 Sep 2013 15:48:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Technik]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://pressluftjunkies.de/?p=16463</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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			<h3><span style="color: #ff9900;"><em><strong>Tommy</strong></em></span></h3>
<p>von <strong>Christian Feldmann</strong> und <strong>Hans-Jürgen Beutner</strong><br />Zur Messe in Karlsruhe hatte Christian etwas Neues mitgebracht. Ein Demo-Modell um die Funktion seiner Lageregelung zu zeigen.</p>
<p>Ohne große Erklärung. Ein Steuerknüppel und einen Schalter. Im Gegensatz zu Schildern auf anderen Ständen (bitte nicht anfassen, nur mit den Augen schauen usw.) hatte Christian geschrieben: Bitte spiel mit mir.</p>
<p>Genau das wurde dann auch gemacht. Vier Messetage lang stand das Teil kaum still. Groß und Klein versuchte sich als Kapitän am Steuer. Viele schöne Gespräche wurden durch das Modell angeregt.<br />Abends beim Essen wurden tolle Ideen entwickelt um die Funktion eines Pressluftbootes besser zeigen und erklären zu können. Die ersten Skizzen entstanden auf ein paar Schmierzetteln. Mehr passierte danach aber nicht.<br />Bei der Messe in Friedrichshafen stand das Ding wieder auf dem Tisch. Über die Verkabelung auf der Rückseite war eine Verkleidung gebaut. Ein Schild forderte die Kapitäne auf, das Modell bis zu einer weißen Linie zu steuern und die „Tiefe“ zu halten. Mal mit, mal ohne „Automatik“. Wieder gab es Gedränge um das Teil.</p>
<p>Auf der Rückfahrt von der Messe in Friedrichshafen war es Christian langweilig und er griff die Idee mit dem Demo-Modell für Pressluftboote wieder auf.</p>
<hr />
<p>&nbsp;</p>

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			<h3><span style="color: #ff9900;"><em>Christian: </em></span></h3>
<p>Nachdem ich allen diesen Floh ins Ohr gesetzt hatte, musste ich das Thema näher unter die Lupe nehmen.</p>
<p><!-- /wp:post-content --></p>
<p><!-- wp:paragraph -->Ein Zwischenstopp in einem amerikanischen Burger-Schnellrestaurant brachte brachte einen neuen Skizzenzettel mit der Überschrift: „Das ist Tommy.“. Kurzerhand bekam das Projekt den Codenamen „Tommy“. Auf der restlichen Heimfahrt entstand auf diesem Zettel eine detaillierte Skizze von Tommy.<br />Mich interessiert in erster Linie die elektronische Seite von dem Projekt. Anhand der Skizze habe ich die benötigten Funktionen ermittelt:</p>
<p><!-- /wp:paragraph --></p>
<p><!-- wp:paragraph -->Es sollten 4 LEDs und 7 Servos gesteuert werden. Zur Steuerung werden 4 Schalter und 2 Potis benötigt. Später kamen noch 5 weitere LEDs für Statusausgaben und ein weiterer Schalter dazu. Damit sind letztendlich 21 unterschiedliche Funktionen zu verarbeiten, zwei davon mir ADW (Analo-Digital-Wandler).<br />Dafür muss ein relativ großer Mikrocontroller genommen werden. Davon befinden sich natürlich nicht viele in der Grabbelkiste. Ein Controller mit 28 Beinchen war aber dabei, also ran an den Speck. Es muss die Firmware erstellt werden und eine Platine entworfen werden.<br />Die Platine ist kein Problem. Die kann ich mir so erstellen, wie ich sie brauche. Eine Ätzanlage ist vorhanden.<br />Die Firmware soll eine Menge Funktionen enthalten. Das bedeutet eine Menge Arbeit, aber Probleme habe ich nicht erwartet. Na ja, wie man sich irren kann.</p>
<p><!-- /wp:paragraph --></p>
<p><!-- wp:paragraph -->Die erste Version der Firmware war schnell erstellt und hat nur ein paar Testfunktionen enthalten. Dann kam die Katastrophe, der Compiler wollte mit diesem Controller nichts zu tun haben.<br />Ich musste mich tagelang mit den Details vom Compiler vertraut machen, bis ich den Mikrocontroller integrieren konnte. Aber diese Arbeit muss man ja nur ein mal machen.<br />Endlich ging es wirklich los. Die Testplatine wurde geätzt und bestückt. Dann den Controller einsetzen und mit einem Programmier-Stecker versehen.<br />So viele Funktionen miteinander in Beziehung zu bringen war eine Menge Arbeit. Da die Hardware noch nicht fertig war, habe ich alle Beziehungen nach Augenmaß umgesetzt. Dabei habe ich die meisten Werte so voreingestellt, dass ich sie nachträglich schnell ändern konnte.<br />Dann kam der Zufall zur Hilfe. Der Stefan rief an und brauchte Hilfe. Er hatte einen alten Sender gekauft der Rauchzeichen gab. Weil er den Sender jetzt nicht mehr gebrauchen konnte, hat er ihn mir kurzerhand zugeschickt.<br />Der Sender hat zwei Kreuzknüppel und zwei Drehknöpfe im oberen Bedienfeld. Für die Kreuzknüppel habe ich bei dem Tommy keine Verwendung, aber die Potis wollte ich mit benutzen.<br />Die komplette Elektronik konnte ich mit einem Seitenschneider einfach entfernen. Dann habe ich ein paar neue Kabel an die Potis und vier neue Schalter in den unteren Bereich vom Sender angebracht.</p>
<p><!-- /wp:paragraph --></p>
<p><!-- wp:paragraph -->Die Firmware musste jetzt angepasst werden. Ich hatte sie ursprünglich für schöne Potis programmiert, aber in dem Sender waren alte Schätzchen verbaut, die richtig schlechte Werte hatten. Natürlich hatte ich diese Werte nicht so einfach einstellbar gemacht. Nach einigen Versuchen, hatte ich die optimale Einstellung gefunden und war mit dem Ergebnis zufrieden. Alles läuft wie geschmiert, also schnell Hans-Jürgen angerufen: Wo bleibt die Hardware<br />Hans-Jürgen lies sich nicht lumpen und kam an einem schönen Wochenende mit dem fertigen Tommy vorbei. Schnell haben wir die Steuerung angeschlossen und uns das Ergebnis angeschaut. Die ersten Anpassungen waren schnell gemacht. Zwei Servos mussten invertiert werden, bei ein paar anderen mussten die Servowege angepasst werden. Solche Anpassungen hatte ich ja erwartet und konnte sie schnell durchführen. Das Ergebnis war vielversprechend.<br />Damit war ich erst mal glücklich. Hans-Jürgen hat die Steuerung und den Tommy mit genommen, um die letzten Tücken der Hardware zu beseitigen.</p>
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}</style><div class="owl-carousel gallery-carousel-shortcode gallery-shortcode  dt-gallery-container dt-owl-carousel-call gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-c0e1098b95ec8858fcde1150991f61e2 quick-scale-img enable-bg-rollover meta-info-off bullets-small-dot-stroke reposition-arrows dt-icon-bg-off arrows-bg-off disable-arrows-hover-bg arrows-hover-bg-off  vc_custom_1691316586260 hover-fade " data-scroll-mode="1" data-col-num="6" data-wide-col-num="6" data-laptop-col="5" data-h-tablet-columns-num="4" data-v-tablet-columns-num="3" data-phone-columns-num="1" data-col-gap="10" data-stage-padding="0" data-speed="600" data-autoplay="false" data-autoplay_speed="6000" data-arrows="true" data-bullet="false" data-next-icon="icon-ar-017-r" data-prev-icon="icon-ar-017-l" data-img-shadow-size="12px" data-img-shadow-spread="3px"><div data-post-id="17230" data-date="2023-08-06T09:44:17+00:00" data-name="Tommy-6"><figure class="post"><a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Tommy-6.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="1800" data-large_image_height="1350" data-dt-img-description="" title="Tommy-6"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%201350%201350&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Tommy-6-1350x1350.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Tommy-6-1350x1350.jpg 1350w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 1350 / 1350" sizes="(max-width: 1350px) 100vw, 1350px" alt="" width="1350" height="1350"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div><div data-post-id="17225" data-date="2023-08-06T09:43:55+00:00" data-name="Tommy-1"><figure class="post"><a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Tommy-1.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="1800" data-large_image_height="1229" data-dt-img-description="" title="Tommy-1"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%201229%201229&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Tommy-1-1229x1229.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Tommy-1-1229x1229.jpg 1229w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 1229 / 1229" sizes="(max-width: 1229px) 100vw, 1229px" alt="" width="1229" height="1229"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div><div data-post-id="17227" data-date="2023-08-06T09:44:03+00:00" data-name="Tommy-3"><figure class="post"><a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Tommy-3.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="1800" data-large_image_height="1350" data-dt-img-description="" title="Tommy-3"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%201350%201350&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Tommy-3-1350x1350.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Tommy-3-1350x1350.jpg 1350w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 1350 / 1350" sizes="(max-width: 1350px) 100vw, 1350px" alt="" width="1350" height="1350"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div><div data-post-id="17232" data-date="2023-08-06T09:44:32+00:00" data-name="Tommy-8"><figure class="post"><a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Tommy-8.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="1800" data-large_image_height="1350" data-dt-img-description="" title="Tommy-8"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%201350%201350&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Tommy-8-1350x1350.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Tommy-8-1350x1350.jpg 1350w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 1350 / 1350" sizes="(max-width: 1350px) 100vw, 1350px" alt="" width="1350" height="1350"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div><div data-post-id="17228" data-date="2023-08-06T09:44:08+00:00" data-name="Tommy-4"><figure class="post"><a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Tommy-4.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="1800" data-large_image_height="1350" data-dt-img-description="" title="Tommy-4"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%201350%201350&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Tommy-4-1350x1350.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Tommy-4-1350x1350.jpg 1350w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 1350 / 1350" sizes="(max-width: 1350px) 100vw, 1350px" alt="" width="1350" height="1350"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div><div data-post-id="17229" data-date="2023-08-06T09:44:14+00:00" data-name="Tommy-5"><figure class="post"><a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Tommy-5.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="1800" data-large_image_height="1350" data-dt-img-description="" title="Tommy-5"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%201350%201350&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Tommy-5-1350x1350.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Tommy-5-1350x1350.jpg 1350w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 1350 / 1350" sizes="(max-width: 1350px) 100vw, 1350px" alt="" width="1350" height="1350"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div><div data-post-id="17226" data-date="2023-08-06T09:43:58+00:00" data-name="Tommy-2"><figure class="post"><a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Tommy-2.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="1800" data-large_image_height="1350" data-dt-img-description="" title="Tommy-2"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%201350%201350&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Tommy-2-1350x1350.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Tommy-2-1350x1350.jpg 1350w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 1350 / 1350" sizes="(max-width: 1350px) 100vw, 1350px" alt="" width="1350" height="1350"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12"><div 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			<p><span style="color: #ff6600;"><em><strong>Tommy</strong></em></span></p>
<p>by Christian Feldmann and Hans-Jürgen Beutner</p>
<p>For the trade fair in Karlsruhe, Christian brought something new. A demo model to showcase the function of his stabilization system.</p>
<p>No elaborate explanations. Just a joystick and a switch. In contrast to signs at other booths (please do not touch, only look with your eyes, etc.), Christian had written: Please play with me.</p>
<p>And that&#8217;s exactly what happened. For four days straight, the device hardly stood still. People of all ages tried their hand at being the captain. Many interesting conversations were sparked by the model.</p>
<p>In the evenings, over dinner, great ideas were developed to better demonstrate and explain the function of a compressed air boat. The first sketches were made on a few scraps of paper. But nothing more happened afterward.</p>
<p>At the trade fair in Friedrichshafen, the thing was back on the table. A cover had been built over the wiring on the back. A sign urged the captains to steer the model up to a white line and maintain the &#8222;depth.&#8220; Sometimes with, sometimes without &#8222;automatic&#8220; control. Once again, there was a crowd around the device.</p>
<p>On the way back from the trade fair in Friedrichshafen, Christian was bored, so he revisited the idea of the demo model for compressed air boats.</p>
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<p><span style="color: #ff6600;"><em><strong>Christian:</strong></em></span></p>
<p>After planting this idea in everyone&#8217;s mind, I had to delve deeper into the subject. A pit stop at an American burger fast-food restaurant yielded a new sketch with the title: &#8222;This is Tommy.&#8220; The project was promptly codenamed &#8222;Tommy.&#8220; During the rest of the journey home, a detailed sketch of Tommy was drawn on this piece of paper.</p>
<p>My primary interest lies in the electronic side of the project. Using the sketch, I determined the required functionalities:</p>
<p>I needed to control 4 LEDs and 7 servos. To control them, 4 switches and 2 potentiometers were necessary. Later, 5 more LEDs for status outputs and another switch were added. This ultimately required handling 21 different functions, two of which with ADC (Analog-Digital Converter).</p>
<p>For this, a relatively large microcontroller had to be chosen. There weren&#8217;t many of those lying around, of course. But there was one with 28 pins, so I went for it. Firmware had to be developed, and a circuit board designed. The circuit board posed no problem; I could create it as needed. An etching system was available.</p>
<p>The firmware was supposed to contain a lot of functions. That meant a lot of work, but I hadn&#8217;t expected any problems. Well, how wrong I was.</p>
<p>The first version of the firmware was quickly created and only contained a few test functions. Then disaster struck: the compiler refused to cooperate with this controller.</p>
<p>I had to familiarize myself with the compiler&#8217;s details for days until I could integrate the microcontroller. But you only have to do that kind of work once.</p>
<p>Finally, things got going for real. The test board was etched and populated. Then the controller was installed and equipped with a programming connector.</p>
<p>Bringing so many functions into relation with each other was a lot of work. Since the hardware wasn&#8217;t finished yet, I implemented all relationships by eye. I preset most values so that I could quickly change them later.</p>
<p>Then, luck came to the rescue. Stefan called and needed help. He had bought an old transmitter that was giving smoke signals. Since he couldn&#8217;t use the transmitter anymore, he promptly sent it to me.</p>
<p>The transmitter had two joysticks and two knobs in the upper control panel. I didn&#8217;t need the joysticks for Tommy, but I wanted to use the potentiometers.</p>
<p>I could easily remove the complete electronics with a pair of side cutters. Then I attached a few new cables to the potentiometers and four new switches to the lower area of the transmitter.</p>
<p>The firmware now had to be adapted. I had originally programmed it for nice potentiometers, but the transmitter had old treasures with really poor values installed. Of course, I hadn&#8217;t made these values easily adjustable. After a few attempts, I found the optimal setting and was satisfied with the result. Everything runs smoothly, so I quickly called Hans-Jürgen: Where&#8217;s the hardware?</p>
<p>Hans-Jürgen didn&#8217;t disappoint and came over on a beautiful weekend with the finished Tommy. We quickly connected the controls and looked at the result. The initial adjustments were quickly made. Two servos had to be inverted, and the servo paths had to be adjusted for a few others. I had expected such adjustments and could carry them out quickly. The result was promising.</p>
<p>So, I was happy for the time being. Hans-Jürgen took the control and Tommy to eliminate the final quirks of the hardware.</p>

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			<p><span style="color: #ff6600;"><em><strong>Hans-Jürgen:</strong></em></span></p>
<p>Auf der Rückfahrt war ich etwas enttäuscht. Ich hatte geglaubt, die Elektronischen Anpassungen würden vier Wochen dauern und nicht 20 Minuten.<br />Selber hatte ich schon einige Stunden mit der Hardware verbracht. Alle beweglichen Teile waren aus Polystyrol gefertigt und an der Frontplatte in U-Boot Form angebracht. Alles musste schön leichtgängig sein, denn die kleinen Servos haben nicht viel Kraft und die Hebelwege sind lang. Als größte Herausforderung erwies sich der Hubmechanismus der die Tauchfunktion simulieren sollte. Erst die dritte Variante lieferte das gewünschte Ergebnis. Immerhin sollten ca. 280g sauber ca. 7cm gehoben oder gesenkt werden.</p>
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<p><!-- wp:paragraph -->Bei zwei Treffen machte Christian noch kleine Softwareanpassungen und ich konnte weiter basteln. Schließlich sollte auch die Rückseite ein wenig wie ein U-Boot aussehen. Dafür wurde eine dünne GfK Abdeckung laminiert. Das brachte aber noch einmal 70g und Hubvariante vier entstand. Auch der Ständer mit dem Hubmechanismus musste verkleidet werden. Ein Stück rotes Abflussrohr erschien mir passend. Letzter Schritt war die Darstellung des Wassers. Eine Plexiglas-Platte und blaue Folie passten. Alles wurde ein wenig beschriftet und einen ordentlichen Koffer verpackt. Fertig.</p>
<p>Wie wir erhofft hatten kommt das Modell auf Messen und Treffen sehr gut an. Die funktionen eines Pressluftubootes werden für viele Besucher verständlic</p>

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			<p><span style="color: #ff6600;"><em><strong>Hans-Jürgen:</strong></em></span></p>
<p>On the way back, I was somewhat disappointed. I had thought that the electronic adjustments would take four weeks, not 20 minutes.</p>
<p>I had already spent several hours with the hardware myself. All moving parts were made of polystyrene and attached to the front panel in the shape of a submarine. Everything had to be smoothly operating because the small servos didn&#8217;t have much power, and the lever arms were long. The biggest challenge turned out to be the lifting mechanism that was supposed to simulate the diving function. It was only on the third attempt that we achieved the desired result. After all, about 280g had to be cleanly raised or lowered by approximately 7cm.</p>
<p>At two meetings, Christian made some minor software adjustments, and I could continue tinkering. Eventually, the back also had to resemble a submarine a little. For this, a thin fiberglass cover was laminated. However, this added another 70g, and the fourth lifting variant was born. The stand with the lifting mechanism also needed to be covered. A piece of red drainage pipe seemed fitting to me. The final step was representing the water. A Plexiglas plate and blue foil did the trick. Everything was labeled a bit, packed into a proper case, and done.</p>
<p>As we had hoped, the model was very well received at fairs and gatherings. The functions of a compressed air submarine are understandable to many visitors.</p>

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href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Tommy-5.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="1800" data-large_image_height="1350" data-dt-img-description="" title="Tommy-5"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%201350%201350&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Tommy-5-1350x1350.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Tommy-5-1350x1350.jpg 1350w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 1350 / 1350" sizes="(max-width: 1350px) 100vw, 1350px" alt="" width="1350" height="1350"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div><div data-post-id="17239" data-date="2023-08-06T09:45:16+00:00" data-name="Tommy-15"><figure class="post"><a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Tommy-15.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="1800" data-large_image_height="1350" data-dt-img-description="" title="Tommy-15"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%201350%201350&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Tommy-15-1350x1350.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Tommy-15-1350x1350.jpg 1350w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 1350 / 1350" sizes="(max-width: 1350px) 100vw, 1350px" alt="" width="1350" height="1350"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div><div data-post-id="17231" data-date="2023-08-06T09:44:25+00:00" data-name="Tommy-7"><figure class="post"><a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Tommy-7.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="1800" data-large_image_height="1350" data-dt-img-description="" title="Tommy-7"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%201350%201350&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Tommy-7-1350x1350.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Tommy-7-1350x1350.jpg 1350w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 1350 / 1350" sizes="(max-width: 1350px) 100vw, 1350px" alt="" width="1350" height="1350"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div><div data-post-id="17233" data-date="2023-08-06T09:44:37+00:00" data-name="Tommy-9"><figure class="post"><a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Tommy-9.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="1800" data-large_image_height="836" data-dt-img-description="" title="Tommy-9"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%20836%20836&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Tommy-9-836x836.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Tommy-9-836x836.jpg 836w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 836 / 836" sizes="(max-width: 836px) 100vw, 836px" alt="" width="836" height="836"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div><div data-post-id="17237" data-date="2023-08-06T09:45:02+00:00" data-name="Tommy-13"><figure class="post"><a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Tommy-13.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="1800" data-large_image_height="1350" data-dt-img-description="" title="Tommy-13"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%201350%201350&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Tommy-13-1350x1350.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Tommy-13-1350x1350.jpg 1350w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 1350 / 1350" sizes="(max-width: 1350px) 100vw, 1350px" alt="" width="1350" height="1350"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div><div data-post-id="17236" data-date="2023-08-06T09:44:56+00:00" data-name="Tommy-12"><figure class="post"><a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Tommy-12.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="1800" data-large_image_height="1350" data-dt-img-description="" title="Tommy-12"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%201350%201350&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Tommy-12-1350x1350.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Tommy-12-1350x1350.jpg 1350w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 1350 / 1350" sizes="(max-width: 1350px) 100vw, 1350px" alt="" width="1350" height="1350"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div><div data-post-id="17235" data-date="2023-08-06T09:44:50+00:00" data-name="Tommy-11"><figure class="post"><a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Tommy-11.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="1800" data-large_image_height="1350" data-dt-img-description="" title="Tommy-11"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%201350%201350&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Tommy-11-1350x1350.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Tommy-11-1350x1350.jpg 1350w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 1350 / 1350" sizes="(max-width: 1350px) 100vw, 1350px" alt="" width="1350" height="1350"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div><div data-post-id="17234" data-date="2023-08-06T09:44:43+00:00" data-name="Tommy-10"><figure class="post"><a 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			<p>&nbsp;</p>
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		<title>XXL Verschlußringe</title>
		<link>https://pressluftjunkies.de/xxl-verschlussringe/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Sascha]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 09 Jul 2012 19:42:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Technik]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://pressluftjunkies.de/?p=15437</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="wpb-content-wrapper"><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper">
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			<p>Spezielle Projekte brauchen oft spezielle Werkzeuge um sie zu realisieren. Genau so war es auch mit der Nerpa. Die beiden Verschlussringe waren sehr groß, sie passten nur auf eine große Maschine…</p>
<p>Und hier kamen Egon und ich ins Spiel. Nachdem die beiden Rohlinge ihren Weg nach Rastatt fanden wurden sie innen ausgefräst so dass ich es nur noch mit Ringen zu tun hatte. Das ersparte mir sehr viel Arbeitsstunden und Späne. Während einem Treffen bei Sascha übergab mir Egon die Ringe.</p>
<p>Der große Rohling war für den Ring am Bug und am Heck vorgesehen. Da er noch an einem Stück war mussten die beiden Ringe noch herausgestochen werden. Dies ist aber erst nach ein paar weiteren Arbeitsschritten möglich. Der Ring hatte einen Außendurchmesser von 310mm und passte nur auf meine Planscheibe. Die 4 Backen der Planscheibe sind einzeln verstellbar, so dass man zuerst für den Rundlauf sorgen musste. Die Scheibe selbst hat konzentrische Ringe, die man zur Orientierung benutzen kann. Ich schaffte es auf Anhieb den Ring mit nur 2/10 mm rund zu spannen. Dies war mir vorher noch nie gelungen.</p>
<p>Zuerst wurde der Ring geplant, dann der Innendurchmesser gedreht. Später wird der Ring innen aufgespannt, so dass der Rundlauf weiter gewährleistet ist. Dazu werde ich das 3-Backenfutter mit den weichen Backen benutzen.</p>
<p>Zum Abstechen benutze ich Egons Abstechstahl mit Wendeplatten. Da dieser einen separaten Halter hat, war es recht einfach den Stahl nachzuschieben, denn der Verfahrweg der X-Achse war bereits ausgereizt. Da die Wendeplatte des Abstechstahls nur 4mm breit ist, war dieses Werkzeug eigentlich ungeeignet, aber ich hatte nichts Besseres. Das Abstechen selbst war ein sehr langwieriger Prozess, das Material klemmte sehr oft. Nach zwei Stunden war der Ring abgestochen.</p>
<p> </p>
<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><em><span style="color: #ff6600;"><strong>Fertigung der Ringe</strong></span></em></h3>
<p>Die Vorarbeit war getan, jetzt musste ich nur noch auf Markus und die Rohre warten. Markus und Sascha kamen an einem Samstag um meine Terrasse abzudichten. In dieser Zeit drehte ich die 3 Ringe fertig. Durch den großen Durchmesser dauerte es länger als erwartet, für jeden Ring mussten die weichen Backen angepasst werden. Die weichen Backen wurden abgedreht damit die vorgedrehte Rohlinge rund laufen. Dabei ist es wichtig die Ecke freizustechen wenn der Ring keine Fase besitzt. Wegen den ausgedrehten Backen ist es möglich den Rohling aus- und wieder einzuspannen ohne den Rundlauf zu verlieren. Und dies war nötig weil das 250er Rohr nicht auf die Drehbank passte. Also musste der Ring ausgespannt werden um den richtigen Durchmesser anzupassen.</p>
<p>Die Fertigung der Ringe dauerte insgesamt 14 Stunden, Egons Zeit zum Ausfräsen des Ringes nicht mit einbezogen. Zum Glück ließ sich das Material sehr gut zerspanen. Markus musste leider den ganzen Winter darauf warten, meine Werkstatt ist nicht nutzbar in dieser kalten Jahreszeit. Aber jetzt erhielt er endlich seine Ringe, und ich habe ein dichtes Dach. Danke nochmal Euch Beiden!</p>

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.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-2ac295be265d3aa91e469fdceb533b33.owl-carousel .owl-nav div.owl-prev {
  top: 50%;
  transform: translateY(calc(-50% + 0px));
  left: -43px;
}
@media all and (-ms-high-contrast: none) {
  .gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-2ac295be265d3aa91e469fdceb533b33.owl-carousel .owl-nav div.owl-prev {
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    margin-top: 0px;
  }
}
.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-2ac295be265d3aa91e469fdceb533b33.owl-carousel .owl-nav div.owl-prev i {
  padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;
}
.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-2ac295be265d3aa91e469fdceb533b33.owl-carousel .owl-nav div.owl-next {
  top: 50%;
  transform: translateY(calc(-50% + 0px));
  right: -43px;
}
@media all and (-ms-high-contrast: none) {
  .gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-2ac295be265d3aa91e469fdceb533b33.owl-carousel .owl-nav div.owl-next {
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    margin-top: 0px;
  }
}
.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-2ac295be265d3aa91e469fdceb533b33.owl-carousel .owl-nav div.owl-next i {
  padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;
}
.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-2ac295be265d3aa91e469fdceb533b33.owl-carousel .owl-nav i {
  font-size: 18px;
}
.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-2ac295be265d3aa91e469fdceb533b33.owl-carousel .owl-nav div:not(:hover) i,
.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-2ac295be265d3aa91e469fdceb533b33.owl-carousel .owl-nav div:not(:hover) i:before {
  color: #ffffff;
  background: none;
}
.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-2ac295be265d3aa91e469fdceb533b33.owl-carousel .owl-nav div:hover i,
.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-2ac295be265d3aa91e469fdceb533b33.owl-carousel .owl-nav div:hover i:before {
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.75);
  background: none;
}
.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-2ac295be265d3aa91e469fdceb533b33 .owl-dots {
  top: calc(100% + 20px);
  left: 50%;
  transform: translateX(calc(-50% + 0px));
}
@media all and (-ms-high-contrast: none) {
  .gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-2ac295be265d3aa91e469fdceb533b33 .owl-dots {
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    margin-left: 0px;
  }
}
.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-2ac295be265d3aa91e469fdceb533b33 .owl-dot {
  width: 10px;
  height: 10px;
  margin: 0 8px;
}
@media screen and (max-width: 778px) {
  .gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-2ac295be265d3aa91e469fdceb533b33.hide-arrows .owl-nav a {
    display: none;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 778px) {
  .gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-2ac295be265d3aa91e469fdceb533b33.reposition-arrows .owl-nav div.owl-prev {
    top: 50%;
    transform: translateY(calc(-50% + 0px));
    left: 10px;
  }
  .gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-2ac295be265d3aa91e469fdceb533b33.reposition-arrows .owl-nav div.owl-next {
    top: 50%;
    transform: translateY(calc(-50% + 0px));
    right: 10px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 778px) and all and (-ms-high-contrast: none) {
  .gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-2ac295be265d3aa91e469fdceb533b33.reposition-arrows .owl-nav div.owl-prev {
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    margin-top: 0px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 778px) and all and (-ms-high-contrast: none) {
  .gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-2ac295be265d3aa91e469fdceb533b33.reposition-arrows .owl-nav div.owl-next {
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    margin-top: 0px;
  }
}
.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-2ac295be265d3aa91e469fdceb533b33 figure,
.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-2ac295be265d3aa91e469fdceb533b33 .rollover,
.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-2ac295be265d3aa91e469fdceb533b33 img,
.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-2ac295be265d3aa91e469fdceb533b33 .gallery-rollover {
  border-radius: 0px;
}
.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-2ac295be265d3aa91e469fdceb533b33.enable-bg-rollover .gallery-rollover {
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient();
  background: linear-gradient();
}
.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-2ac295be265d3aa91e469fdceb533b33.enable-img-shadow .owl-stage-outer {
  padding: 14px 0;
}
.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-2ac295be265d3aa91e469fdceb533b33.enable-bg-rollover.hover-scale figure .rollover:after {
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient();
  background: linear-gradient();
}
.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-2ac295be265d3aa91e469fdceb533b33.gallery-shortcode .gallery-zoom-ico {
  width: 44px;
  height: 44px;
  line-height: 44px;
  border-radius: 100px;
  margin: -22px 0 0 -22px;
  border-width: 0px;
}
.dt-icon-bg-on.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-2ac295be265d3aa91e469fdceb533b33.gallery-shortcode .gallery-zoom-ico {
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.3);
  box-shadow: none;
}
.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-2ac295be265d3aa91e469fdceb533b33.gallery-shortcode .gallery-zoom-ico:before,
.gallery-carousel-shortcode.gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-2ac295be265d3aa91e469fdceb533b33.gallery-shortcode .gallery-zoom-ico span {
  font-size: 32px;
  line-height: 44px;
  color: #ffffff;
  background: none;
}</style><div class="owl-carousel gallery-carousel-shortcode gallery-shortcode  dt-gallery-container dt-owl-carousel-call gallery-carousel-shortcode-id-2ac295be265d3aa91e469fdceb533b33 quick-scale-img enable-bg-rollover meta-info-off dt-arrow-border-on dt-arrow-hover-border-on bullets-small-dot-stroke reposition-arrows dt-icon-bg-off arrows-bg-off disable-arrows-hover-bg arrows-hover-bg-on  hover-fade " data-scroll-mode="page" data-col-num="6" data-wide-col-num="6" data-laptop-col="5" data-h-tablet-columns-num="4" data-v-tablet-columns-num="3" data-phone-columns-num="1" data-col-gap="10" data-stage-padding="0" data-speed="600" data-autoplay="true" data-autoplay_speed="6000" data-arrows="true" data-bullet="false" data-next-icon="icon-ar-017-r" data-prev-icon="icon-ar-017-l" data-img-shadow-size="12px" data-img-shadow-spread="3px"><div data-post-id="15454" data-date="2023-07-19T19:49:34+00:00" data-name="nerpa_rings_017"><figure class="post"><a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/nerpa_rings_017.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="480" data-large_image_height="269" data-dt-img-description="" title="nerpa_rings_017"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%20269%20269&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/nerpa_rings_017-269x269.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/nerpa_rings_017-269x269.jpg 269w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 269 / 269" sizes="(max-width: 269px) 100vw, 269px" alt="" width="269" height="269"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div><div data-post-id="15453" data-date="2023-07-19T19:49:33+00:00" data-name="nerpa_rings_016"><figure class="post"><a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/nerpa_rings_016.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="480" data-large_image_height="269" data-dt-img-description="" title="nerpa_rings_016"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%20269%20269&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/nerpa_rings_016-269x269.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/nerpa_rings_016-269x269.jpg 269w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 269 / 269" sizes="(max-width: 269px) 100vw, 269px" alt="" width="269" height="269"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div><div data-post-id="15452" data-date="2023-07-19T19:49:33+00:00" data-name="nerpa_rings_015"><figure class="post"><a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/nerpa_rings_015.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="480" data-large_image_height="269" data-dt-img-description="" title="nerpa_rings_015"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%20269%20269&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/nerpa_rings_015-269x269.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/nerpa_rings_015-269x269.jpg 269w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 269 / 269" sizes="(max-width: 269px) 100vw, 269px" alt="" width="269" height="269"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div><div data-post-id="15451" data-date="2023-07-19T19:49:32+00:00" data-name="nerpa_rings_014"><figure class="post"><a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/nerpa_rings_014.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="480" data-large_image_height="269" data-dt-img-description="" title="nerpa_rings_014"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%20269%20269&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/nerpa_rings_014-269x269.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/nerpa_rings_014-269x269.jpg 269w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 269 / 269" sizes="(max-width: 269px) 100vw, 269px" alt="" width="269" height="269"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div><div data-post-id="15450" data-date="2023-07-19T19:49:32+00:00" data-name="nerpa_rings_013"><figure class="post"><a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/nerpa_rings_013.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="480" data-large_image_height="269" data-dt-img-description="" title="nerpa_rings_013"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%20269%20269&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/nerpa_rings_013-269x269.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/nerpa_rings_013-269x269.jpg 269w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 269 / 269" sizes="(max-width: 269px) 100vw, 269px" alt="" width="269" height="269"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div><div data-post-id="15449" data-date="2023-07-19T19:49:32+00:00" data-name="nerpa_rings_012"><figure class="post"><a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/nerpa_rings_012.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="480" data-large_image_height="269" data-dt-img-description="" title="nerpa_rings_012"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%20269%20269&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/nerpa_rings_012-269x269.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/nerpa_rings_012-269x269.jpg 269w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 269 / 269" sizes="(max-width: 269px) 100vw, 269px" alt="" width="269" height="269"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div><div data-post-id="15448" data-date="2023-07-19T19:49:31+00:00" data-name="nerpa_rings_011"><figure class="post"><a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/nerpa_rings_011.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="480" data-large_image_height="269" data-dt-img-description="" title="nerpa_rings_011"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%20269%20269&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/nerpa_rings_011-269x269.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/nerpa_rings_011-269x269.jpg 269w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 269 / 269" sizes="(max-width: 269px) 100vw, 269px" alt="" width="269" height="269"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div><div data-post-id="15447" data-date="2023-07-19T19:49:31+00:00" data-name="nerpa_rings_010"><figure class="post"><a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/nerpa_rings_010.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="480" data-large_image_height="269" data-dt-img-description="" title="nerpa_rings_010"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%20269%20269&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/nerpa_rings_010-269x269.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/nerpa_rings_010-269x269.jpg 269w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 269 / 269" sizes="(max-width: 269px) 100vw, 269px" alt="" width="269" height="269"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div><div data-post-id="15446" data-date="2023-07-19T19:49:31+00:00" data-name="nerpa_rings_009"><figure class="post"><a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/nerpa_rings_009.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="480" data-large_image_height="269" data-dt-img-description="" title="nerpa_rings_009"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%20269%20269&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/nerpa_rings_009-269x269.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/nerpa_rings_009-269x269.jpg 269w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 269 / 269" sizes="(max-width: 269px) 100vw, 269px" alt="" width="269" height="269"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div><div data-post-id="15445" data-date="2023-07-19T19:49:30+00:00" data-name="nerpa_rings_008"><figure class="post"><a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/nerpa_rings_008.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="480" data-large_image_height="269" data-dt-img-description="" title="nerpa_rings_008"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%20269%20269&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/nerpa_rings_008-269x269.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/nerpa_rings_008-269x269.jpg 269w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 269 / 269" sizes="(max-width: 269px) 100vw, 269px" alt="" width="269" height="269"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div><div data-post-id="15444" data-date="2023-07-19T19:49:30+00:00" data-name="nerpa_rings_007"><figure class="post"><a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/nerpa_rings_007.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="480" data-large_image_height="269" data-dt-img-description="" title="nerpa_rings_007"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%20269%20269&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/nerpa_rings_007-269x269.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/nerpa_rings_007-269x269.jpg 269w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 269 / 269" sizes="(max-width: 269px) 100vw, 269px" alt="" width="269" height="269"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div><div data-post-id="15443" data-date="2023-07-19T19:49:30+00:00" data-name="nerpa_rings_006"><figure class="post"><a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/nerpa_rings_006.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="480" data-large_image_height="269" data-dt-img-description="" title="nerpa_rings_006"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%20269%20269&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/nerpa_rings_006-269x269.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/nerpa_rings_006-269x269.jpg 269w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 269 / 269" sizes="(max-width: 269px) 100vw, 269px" alt="" width="269" height="269"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div><div data-post-id="15442" data-date="2023-07-19T19:49:29+00:00" data-name="nerpa_rings_005"><figure class="post"><a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/nerpa_rings_005.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="480" data-large_image_height="269" data-dt-img-description="" title="nerpa_rings_005"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%20269%20269&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/nerpa_rings_005-269x269.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/nerpa_rings_005-269x269.jpg 269w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 269 / 269" sizes="(max-width: 269px) 100vw, 269px" alt="" width="269" height="269"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div><div data-post-id="15441" data-date="2023-07-19T19:49:29+00:00" data-name="nerpa_rings_004"><figure class="post"><a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/nerpa_rings_004.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="480" data-large_image_height="269" data-dt-img-description="" title="nerpa_rings_004"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%20269%20269&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/nerpa_rings_004-269x269.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/nerpa_rings_004-269x269.jpg 269w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 269 / 269" sizes="(max-width: 269px) 100vw, 269px" alt="" width="269" height="269"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div><div data-post-id="15440" data-date="2023-07-19T19:49:29+00:00" data-name="nerpa_rings_003"><figure class="post"><a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/nerpa_rings_003.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="480" data-large_image_height="269" data-dt-img-description="" title="nerpa_rings_003"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%20269%20269&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/nerpa_rings_003-269x269.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/nerpa_rings_003-269x269.jpg 269w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 269 / 269" sizes="(max-width: 269px) 100vw, 269px" alt="" width="269" height="269"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div><div data-post-id="15439" data-date="2023-07-19T19:49:28+00:00" data-name="nerpa_rings_002"><figure class="post"><a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/nerpa_rings_002.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="480" data-large_image_height="269" data-dt-img-description="" title="nerpa_rings_002"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%20269%20269&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/nerpa_rings_002-269x269.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/nerpa_rings_002-269x269.jpg 269w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 269 / 269" sizes="(max-width: 269px) 100vw, 269px" alt="" width="269" height="269"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div><div data-post-id="15438" data-date="2023-07-19T19:49:28+00:00" data-name="nerpa_rings_001"><figure class="post"><a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/nerpa_rings_001.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="480" data-large_image_height="269" data-dt-img-description="" title="nerpa_rings_001"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%20269%20269&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/nerpa_rings_001-269x269.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/nerpa_rings_001-269x269.jpg 269w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 269 / 269" sizes="(max-width: 269px) 100vw, 269px" alt="" width="269" height="269"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div></div><div class="vc_separator wpb_content_element vc_separator_align_center vc_sep_width_100 vc_sep_pos_align_center 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			<p>Special projects often require special tools to realize them. That&#8217;s exactly how it was with the Nerpa. The two closure rings were very large, they only fit on a large machine&#8230;</p>
<p>And that&#8217;s where Egon and I came in. After the two blanks found their way to Rastatt, they were milled inside so that I only had to deal with rings. This saved me a lot of work hours and chips. During a meeting at Sascha&#8217;s, Egon handed me the rings.</p>
<p>The large blank was intended for the ring at the bow and stern. Since it was still in one piece, the two rings still had to be cut out. But this is only possible after a few more steps. The ring had an outer diameter of 310mm and only fit on my faceplate. The 4 jaws of the faceplate are individually adjustable, so I had to ensure concentricity first. The faceplate itself has concentric rings that can be used for orientation. I managed to clamp the ring round to within 2/10 mm right away. I had never succeeded in this before.</p>
<p>First, the ring was planed, then the inner diameter was turned. Later, the ring will be clamped inside so that concentricity is maintained. For this, I will use the 3-jaw chuck with soft jaws.</p>
<p>For parting off, I use Egon&#8217;s parting-off tool with indexable inserts. Since this has a separate holder, it was quite easy to push the tool forward, as the travel of the X-axis was already maxed out. Since the indexable insert of the parting-off tool is only 4mm wide, this tool was actually unsuitable, but I had nothing better. The parting-off itself was a very time-consuming process, the material often jammed. After two hours, the ring was parted off.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h3><span style="color: #ff6600;"><em>Manufacture of the rings</em></span></h3>
<p>The groundwork was done, now I just had to wait for Markus and the pipes. Markus and Sascha came on a Saturday to seal my terrace. During this time, I finished turning the 3 rings. Due to the large diameter, it took longer than expected, soft jaws had to be adjusted for each ring. The soft jaws were turned down so that the pre-turned blanks run true. It is important to clear the corner if the ring does not have a chamfer. Because of the turned-down jaws, it is possible to unclamp and reclamp the blank without losing concentricity. And this was necessary because the 250mm pipe did not fit on the lathe. So the ring had to be unclamped to adjust the correct diameter.</p>
<p>The manufacture of the rings took a total of 14 hours, not including Egon&#8217;s time for milling the ring. Fortunately, the material was very easy to machine. Unfortunately, Markus had to wait all winter for this, as my workshop is not usable in this cold season. But now he finally got his rings, and I have a leak-proof roof. Thanks again to both of you!</p>

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		<title>Lacksession</title>
		<link>https://pressluftjunkies.de/lacksession/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Sascha]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 20 Mar 2012 11:30:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Technik]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://pressluftjunkies.de/?p=15587</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="wpb-content-wrapper"><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper">
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			<p>Zur Faszination Modellbau 2012 waren einige Boote zwar fertig, aber noch nicht lackiert. Daher trafen sich Andy und Egon bei mir um die Restarbeiten zu erledigen. Nach der Grundlackierung versuchte sich Andy an einer dezenten Alterung der A11. In der Zwischenzeit kümmerte ich mich um die silberne Bugnase der Beluga. Das Ergebnis kann sich sicherlich sehen lassen und die Messe kann kommen.</p>

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			<p>At the Faszination Modellbau 2012, some boats were finished but not yet painted. Therefore, Andy and Egon met at my place to finish the remaining work. After the base painting, Andy attempted a subtle weathering of the A11. In the meantime, I took care of the silver bow nose of the Beluga. The result is certainly impressive, and the trade fair can come.</p>

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href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/IMG_0914-scaled.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="2560" data-large_image_height="1920" data-dt-img-description="" title="IMG_0914"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%201920%201920&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/IMG_0914-scaled-1920x1920.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/IMG_0914-scaled-1920x1920.jpg 1920w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 1920 / 1920" sizes="(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" alt="" width="1920" height="1920"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div><div data-post-id="15598" data-date="2023-07-21T11:35:44+00:00" data-name="IMG_0924"><figure class="post"><a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/IMG_0924-scaled.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="2560" data-large_image_height="1920" data-dt-img-description="" title="IMG_0924"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%201920%201920&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/IMG_0924-scaled-1920x1920.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/IMG_0924-scaled-1920x1920.jpg 1920w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 1920 / 1920" sizes="(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" alt="" width="1920" height="1920"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div><div data-post-id="15592" data-date="2023-07-21T11:35:23+00:00" data-name="IMG_0910"><figure class="post"><a 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href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/IMG_0902-scaled.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="2560" data-large_image_height="1920" data-dt-img-description="" title="IMG_0902"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%201920%201920&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/IMG_0902-scaled-1920x1920.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/IMG_0902-scaled-1920x1920.jpg 1920w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 1920 / 1920" sizes="(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" alt="" width="1920" height="1920"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div><div data-post-id="15599" data-date="2023-07-21T11:35:48+00:00" data-name="IMG_0929"><figure class="post"><a href="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/IMG_0929-scaled.jpg" class="rollover dt-pswp-item layzr-bg" data-large_image_width="2560" data-large_image_height="1920" data-dt-img-description="" title="IMG_0929"><img decoding="async" class="preload-me owl-lazy-load aspect" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%201920%201920&#39;%2F%3E" data-src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/IMG_0929-scaled-1920x1920.jpg" data-srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/IMG_0929-scaled-1920x1920.jpg 1920w" loading="eager" style="--ratio: 1920 / 1920" sizes="(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" alt="" width="1920" height="1920"  /><span class="gallery-rollover"><span class="gallery-zoom-ico icomoon-the7-font-the7-zoom-06"><span></span></span></span></a></figure></div><div data-post-id="15600" data-date="2023-07-21T11:35:54+00:00" data-name="IMG_0930"><figure class="post"><a 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		<title>Unser Mehrkanalschalter</title>
		<link>https://pressluftjunkies.de/unser-mehrkanalschalter/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Andy]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 30 May 2008 16:13:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Technik]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://pressluftjunkies.de/?p=16469</guid>

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			<h3 class="wp-block-heading" style="text-align: center;"><em><span style="color: #ff9900;">Und ich sach noch: “Der Speicher reicht nicht!”</span></em></h3>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<div id="attachment_17809" style="width: 490px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-17809" class="wp-image-17809 size-full" src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/MKS_001.jpg" alt="" width="480" height="380" srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/MKS_001.jpg 480w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/MKS_001-300x238.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px" /><p id="caption-attachment-17809" class="wp-caption-text">Nr 3 aus der ersten Serie von 7 Stück</p></div>
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<p>Und zwar immer genau in dem Moment in dem ich mit dem anpassen fertig war. Sorry Christian, aber das muss jetzt raus. Ja, und dann war es soweit. Der Speicher des Mikroprozessors reichte wirklich nicht mehr, vor allem deswegen weil wir immer wieder neue Ideen hatten die auch gespeichert werden wollten.</p>
<p>Nils und Christian waren aber so vorausschauend einen Prozessor zu nehmen den es in verschiedenen Ausführungen gibt. Die Pinbelegung war bei allen gleich so dass nur noch die Firmware neu kompiliert werden musste. Wir nahmen nicht den nächst größeren sondern den übernächst größeren, jetzt hatten wir 4-mal soviel Speicher. Tja, cool dachte sich Christian, jetzt kann ich ja die Doppelbelegungen wieder entfernen. Gedacht (natürlich nicht abgesprochen) und getan! Und was ist mit mir? Ich hatte mal wieder die Hosen unten und musste erneut mein Konzept überarbeiten. Diesmal war es aber wirklich das letzte Mal.</p>
<p> </p>
<div id="attachment_17810" style="width: 490px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-17810" class="wp-image-17810 size-full" src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/MKS_002.jpg" alt="" width="480" height="360" srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/MKS_002.jpg 480w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/MKS_002-300x225.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px" /><p id="caption-attachment-17810" class="wp-caption-text">MKS verbaut in Projekt 1710 „Makrele“</p></div>
<p style="text-align: center;">
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Es blieb mir nichts anderes übrig als alle Einstellungen in einer Datenbank zu verwalten denn es sind mittlerweile über 650 Einstellpunkte! Ist aber so eine Datenbank inkl. Suchroutinen erst mal programmiert, wird alles sehr einfach und übersichtlich. Desweiteren habe ich eine mks Klasse programmiert die alles Einstellungen quasi als Objekt darstellt. Neuerungen und/oder Änderungen können jetzt sehr schnell implementiert werden. Irgendwann war der Zeitpunkt gekommen in dem wir alle auf einem Nenner waren und alles wurde im Vorfeld abgesprochen.</p>
<p>Als die erste Version funktionierte wurde uns erst einmal das ganze Potential bewusst. Es ist ein großer Unterschied ob man Einstellungen per HEX-Editor im Speicher macht oder einfach per Pull-Down-Box einstellt. Das testen der Funktionen ging ab diesem Zeitpunkt schnell von der Hand. In der Testphase am Anfang war auch abzusehen  dass es sehr gut wäre ein paar Situationen aufzuzeichnen. Z.B. einen Failsafezähler der einem nach der Fahrt Rückschlüsse über die Funkverbindung  gibt. Auch ein Zähler, der jedesmal erhöht wird wenn die Bordspannung unter den unteren Schwellwert rutscht, wurde eingebaut.</p>
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<h3 class="wp-block-heading" style="text-align: center;"><em><span style="color: #ff9900;">Übersicht im Vordergrund</span></em></h3>
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<div id="attachment_17811" style="width: 490px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-17811" class="wp-image-17811 size-full" src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/MKS_003.jpg" alt="" width="480" height="360" srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/MKS_003.jpg 480w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/MKS_003-300x225.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px" /><p id="caption-attachment-17811" class="wp-caption-text">MKS Sendemodule in einer Graupner Fernsteuerung</p></div>
<p style="text-align: center;">
<p>Wenn man 6 Eingänge und 22 Ausgänge hat wird einem recht schnell klar dass wahrscheinlich die Übersicht leidet. Dies wollte ich vermeiden, deswegen habe ich editierbare Bezeichnungen eingebaut die auch auf den Buttons zu lesen sind. Ich wollte nicht dass man immer in einer Liste nachschauen muss auf welchem Ausgang (Button) das Schnorchelkopfventil liegt. Und dies ist nicht nur bei den Ausgängen  sondern auch noch bei den Eingängen und Funktionen.</p>
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			<h3 class="wp-block-heading" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #ff6600;"><em>Diagnose muss sein!</em></span></h3>
<div id="attachment_17812" style="width: 490px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-17812" class="wp-image-17812 size-full" src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/MKS_004.jpg" alt="" width="480" height="360" srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/MKS_004.jpg 480w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/MKS_004-300x225.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px" /><p id="caption-attachment-17812" class="wp-caption-text">Diagnose über ein angeschlossener Laptop</p></div>
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<p>Ich habe beim Testen schnell gemerkt dass es nicht immer möglich ist auf die bunten Lichter des mks zu schauen. Wenn das Boot zu ist geht das nicht. Deswegen hab ich eine Diagnose eingebaut die den Status der Ein- und Ausgänge anzeigt. Dazu muss allerdings noch ein Kabel aus dem Boot führen, bei einem Pressluftboot Mentzscher Bauart ist das leicht möglich. Gleichzeitig werden auch die Spannungen an den Eingängen angezeigt, sowie Failsafe- und Unterspannungszähler.</p>
<p>Allerdings war es immer noch schwierig die Hysterese der Eingänge zu testen, dies lag daran dass die aufgeschriebenen Schwellwerte recht geschrieben aussehen. Ich wollte was grafisches, sowas hatte ich noch nicht gemacht. Ich entschloss mich eine Art Monitor zu programmieren, ähnlich wie bei einem Oszilloskop. Auf diesem Monitor sollten man Schwellwerte und die aktuelle Spannung ablesen können. Es war gar nicht mal so schwer die Routinen dazu zu schreiben. Und ich glaube das Ergebnis kann ich sehen lassen. Das Testen der Eingänge, Schwellwerte und Hysterese war hiermit sehr viel einfacher. Auch wurden noch kleinere Fehler entdeckt und so manches doch noch mal umgeworfen weil es mehr Sinn machte.</p>
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			<h3 class="wp-block-heading" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #ff6600;"><em>Die Daten</em></span></h3>
<p>Natürlich lässt sich jede Konfiguration abspeichern und laden. Man kann zwar auch die Daten aus dem mks auslesen, die Anschlussbeschreibungen werden allerdings nicht übermittelt. Dafür ist im Mikroprozessor beim besten Willen kein Platz. Beim einspielen der Konfiguration in dem mks werden die Daten sofort wieder ausgelesen und byteweise verglichen. Danach werden nochmals die berechnete Checksumme des mks und die des Programms verglichen. Erst wenn alle Vergleiche erfolgreich sind bekommt man eine positive Meldung angezeigt.  Den Datenvergleich kann man jederzeit auch einzeln durchführen.</p>
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<h3 style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #ff6600;"><em>Funktionsumfang</em></span></h3>
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<li><strong>5 analoge Eingänge mit denen man Spannungen von 0-35V messen kann</strong></li>
<li><strong>1 analoger Eingang, gekoppelt mit der Versorgungsspannung</strong></li>
<li><strong>16 direkt schaltbare Ausgänge</strong></li>
<li><strong>5 Ausgänge die programmgesteuert schaltbar sind</strong></li>
<li><strong>1 Flip-Flop Ausgang</strong></li>
<li><strong>Alle Ausgänge können mit 1 Ampere belegt werden</strong></li>
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<div id="attachment_17813" style="width: 490px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-17813" class="wp-image-17813 size-full" src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/MKS_005.png" alt="" width="480" height="383" srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/MKS_005.png 480w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/MKS_005-300x239.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px" /><p id="caption-attachment-17813" class="wp-caption-text">Diagnose mit übersichtlicher Hysterese</p></div>
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			<p>Dies ist die kleine Geschichte hinter der Entwicklung eines anpassbaren Mehrkanalschalters für U-Boote mit Presslufttechnik. Wir kombinierten unsere Fähigkeiten und schafften eine wunderbare Elektronik. Nils Canditt war für das Hardware-Layout verantwortlich. Christian Feldmann programmierte die Firmware für den Mikroprozessor und ich schrieb die PC Software mit der man den MKS programmieren kann. Sascha Amberger testete den MKS auf Herz und Nieren in seinem U-Boot mit dem Risiko es wegen eines Softwarefehlers zu verlieren. Aber alles lief reibungslos und funktionierte von Anfang an unglaublich Zuverlässig. Dieses Projekt brauchte gerade mal eine Wintersaison um sieben Prototypen nebst Software funktionsfähig zu bauen.</p>
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<p><!-- wp:paragraph -->Nachdem sich der MKS in vielen Booten bewährt hat wurde es Zeit dieser Hardware einen Namen zu verpassen. MKS war eigentlich nur interne Name. Wir entschlossen uns den Namen an die Software anzupassen:</p>
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<li><strong>Zentrale Software</strong></li>
<li><strong>Zentrale RX</strong></li>
<li><strong>Zentrale Mini RX</strong></li>
<li><strong>Zentrale TX</strong></li>
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			<h3 style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #ff6600;"><em>And I said, &#8222;The memory isn&#8217;t enough!&#8220;</em></span></h3>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-17809 size-full" src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/MKS_001.jpg" alt="" width="480" height="380" srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/MKS_001.jpg 480w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/MKS_001-300x238.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px" /></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><em>Number 3 from the first series of 7 pieces.</em></p>
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<p>And always at the exact moment when I finished adjusting. Sorry, Christian, but this has to come out now. Yes, and then it happened. The memory of the microprocessor really wasn&#8217;t enough anymore, mainly because we kept coming up with new ideas that also needed to be saved.</p>
<p>But Nils and Christian were so foresighted to choose a processor that comes in different versions. The pin layout was the same for all, so only the firmware needed to be recompiled. We didn&#8217;t choose the next bigger one, but the next-to-next bigger one, now we had four times as much memory. Well, Christian thought, cool, now I can remove the double assignments. Thought (of course not discussed) and done! And what about me? Once again, I was caught off guard and had to revise my concept again. But this time it was really the last time.</p>
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<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-17810 size-full" src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/MKS_002.jpg" alt="" width="480" height="360" srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/MKS_002.jpg 480w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/MKS_002-300x225.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px" /></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><em>MKS installed in Project 1710 &#8222;Makrele&#8220; (mackerel).</em></p>
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<p>I had no choice but to manage all settings in a database because there are now over 650 adjustment points! But once a database including search routines is programmed, everything becomes very simple and clear. Furthermore, I programmed an MKS class that represents all settings as objects. Innovations and/or changes can now be implemented very quickly. Eventually, the time came when we were all on the same page and everything was discussed in advance.</p>
<p>When the first version worked, we first realized the full potential. There is a big difference between making settings via a HEX editor in memory or simply setting them via pull-down box. Testing the functions became quick and easy from this point on. In the testing phase at the beginning, it was also foreseeable that it would be very useful to record a few situations. For example, a failsafe counter that gives you conclusions about the radio connection after the trip. Also, a counter that increases every time the onboard voltage drops below the lower threshold was installed.</p>
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<h3 style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #ff6600;"><em>Overview in the foreground</em></span></h3>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-17811 size-full" src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/MKS_003.jpg" alt="" width="480" height="360" srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/MKS_003.jpg 480w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/MKS_003-300x225.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px" /></p>
<p style="text-align: center;">MKS transmitter modules in a Graupner MC-24</p>
<p>When you have 6 inputs and 22 outputs, you quickly realize that the overview is likely to suffer. I wanted to avoid this, so I included editable labels that can also be read on the buttons. I didn&#8217;t want people to always have to look in a list to find out on which output (button) the snorkel head valve is located. And this applies not only to the outputs but also to the inputs and functions.</p>

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			<h3 style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #ff6600;"><em>Diagnosis is a must!</em></span></h3>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-17812 size-full" src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/MKS_004.jpg" alt="" width="480" height="360" srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/MKS_004.jpg 480w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/MKS_004-300x225.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px" /></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><em>Diagnosis via a connected laptop</em>.</p>
<p>During testing, I quickly realized that it&#8217;s not always possible to rely on the colored lights of the MKS. When the boat is closed, this is not feasible. Therefore, I implemented a diagnosis function that displays the status of the inputs and outputs. However, this requires a cable to lead out of the boat, which is easily achievable with a Mentzscher-type compressed air boat. At the same time, the voltages at the inputs are also displayed, along with fail-safe and under-voltage counters.</p>
<p>However, it was still difficult to test the hysteresis of the inputs because the written threshold values ​​looked quite abstract. I wanted something graphical, something I hadn&#8217;t done before. I decided to program a kind of monitor, similar to an oscilloscope. On this monitor, one should be able to read threshold values ​​and the current voltage. Writing the routines for this was not as difficult as I thought. And I believe the result speaks for itself. Testing the inputs, threshold values, and hysteresis became much easier with this tool. Additionally, some minor errors were discovered, and certain aspects were reconsidered because they made more sense.</p>

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			<h3 style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #ff6600;"><em>The data</em></span></h3>
<p>Of course, every configuration can be saved and loaded. While it&#8217;s possible to read the data from the MKS, the connection descriptions are not transmitted. There simply isn&#8217;t enough space in the microprocessor for that. When loading the configuration into the MKS, the data is immediately read out again and compared byte by byte. Then, the calculated checksum of the MKS and that of the program are compared again. Only when all comparisons are successful will you receive a positive message. The data comparison can also be performed individually at any time.</p>
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<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #ff6600;"><strong><em>Features</em></strong></span></p>
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<li style="text-align: left;">5 analog inputs for measuring voltages from 0-35V</li>
<li style="text-align: left;">1 analog input coupled with the supply voltage</li>
<li style="text-align: left;">16 directly switchable outputs</li>
<li style="text-align: left;">5 outputs programmatically switchable</li>
<li style="text-align: left;">1 flip-flop output</li>
<li style="text-align: left;">All outputs can handle up to 1 ampere</li>
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<p style="text-align: left;"> </p>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-17813 size-full" src="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/MKS_005.png" alt="" width="480" height="383" srcset="https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/MKS_005.png 480w, https://pressluftjunkies.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/MKS_005-300x239.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px" /></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><em>Diagnosis with clear hysteresis</em></p>

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			<p>This is the little story behind the development of an adaptable multi-channel switch for submarines using compressed air technology. We combined our skills and created a wonderful electronics system. Nils Canditt was responsible for the hardware layout. Christian Feldmann programmed the firmware for the microprocessor, and I wrote the PC software for programming the MKS. Sascha Amberger tested the MKS extensively in his submarine, risking its loss due to a software error. But everything went smoothly and worked incredibly reliably right from the start. This project only took one winter season to build seven functional prototypes along with the software.</p>
<p>After the MKS proved its worth in many boats, it was time to give this hardware a name. MKS was originally just an internal name. We decided to align the name with the software:</p>
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<li><strong>Central Software</strong></li>
<li><strong>Central RX</strong></li>
<li><strong>Central Mini RX</strong></li>
<li><strong>Central TX</strong></li>
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